TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods
BMJ, vol. 385, pp. e078378
Abstract
The TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) statement was published in 2015 to provide the minimum reporting recommendations for studies developing or evaluating the performance of a prediction model. Methodological advances in the field of prediction have since included the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) powered by machine learning methods to develop prediction models. An update to the TRIPOD statement is thus needed. TRIPOD+AI provides harmonised guidance for reporting prediction model studies, irrespective of whether regression modelling or machine learning methods have been used. The new checklist supersedes the TRIPOD 2015 checklist, which should no longer be used. This article describes the development of TRIPOD+AI and presents the expanded 27 item checklist with more detailed explanation of each reporting recommendation, and the TRIPOD+AI for Abstracts checklist. TRIPOD+AI aims to promote the complete, accurate, and transparent reporting of studies that develop a prediction model or evaluate its performance. Complete reporting will facilitate study appraisal, model evaluation, and model implementation.
Authors 33
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Professor Gary S. Collins corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Statistics in Medicine, UK EQUATOR Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Utrecht University · University Medical Center Utrecht
Affiliation as printed
Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Statistics in Medicine, UK EQUATOR Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center · KU Leuven
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedical Data Science, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Utrecht University · University Medical Center Utrecht
Affiliation as printed
Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Utrecht University · University Medical Center Utrecht
Affiliation as printed
Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Munich Center for Machine Learning · Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and Munich Centre of Machine Learning, Germany
Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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University of East Anglia · Norwich Research Park · Health Data Research UK
Affiliation as printed
Patient representative, Health Data Research UK patient and public involvement and engagement group
Patient representative, University of East Anglia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · Harvard University · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, London, UK
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Hardian Health, Haywards Heath, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Section for Clinical Biometrics, Centre for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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University Health Network · University of Toronto · Princess Margaret Cancer Centre · Vector Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
Affiliation as printed
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK
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Brigham and Women's Hospital · Harvard University · BMJ Group (United Kingdom)
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
The BMJ, London, UK
Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Intelligent Medical Systems, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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The Alan Turing Institute · University College London · Wellcome Trust
Affiliation as printed
Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
Wellcome Trust, London, UK
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Hospital for Sick Children · SickKids Foundation · Sickkids Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Bioethics, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Affiliation as printed
Australian Institute for Machine Learning, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
Affiliation as printed
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Patient representative, Health Data Research UK patient and public involvement and engagement group
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The University of Adelaide · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Health Policy and Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Australian Institute for Machine Learning, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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University of Michigan · Michigan Medicine · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Department of Health Policy and Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Maastricht University · Care and Public Health Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Statistics in Medicine, UK EQUATOR Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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