Characterization and quantification of multi-field coupling in lithium-ion batteries under mechanical constraints

Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 95, pp. 364–379

Abstract

The safety and durability of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical constraints depend significantly on electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical fields in applications. Characterizing and quantifying the multi-field coupling behaviors requires interdisciplinary efforts. Here, we design experiments under mechanical constraints and introduce an in-situ analytical framework to clarify the complex interaction mechanisms and coupling degrees among multi-physics fields. The proposed analytical framework integrates the parameterization of equivalent models, in-situ mechanical analysis, and quantitative assessment of coupling behavior. The results indicate that the significant impact of pressure on impedance at low temperatures results from the diffusion-controlled step, enhancing kinetics when external pressure, like 180 to 240 kPa at 10 °C, is applied. The diversity in control steps for the electrochemical reaction accounts for the varying impact of pressure on battery performance across different temperatures. The thermal expansion rate suggests that the swelling force varies by less than 1.60% per unit of elevated temperature during the lithiation process. By introducing a composite metric, we quantify the coupling correlation and intensity between characteristic parameters and physical fields, uncovering the highest coupling degree in electrochemical-thermal fields. These results underscore the potential of analytical approaches in revealing the mechanisms of interaction among multi-fields, with the goal of enhancing battery performance and advancing battery management.

Authors 6

1. Xue Cai Aachen Center for Ageing Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Beijing Jiaotong University · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Campus-Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Campus Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Aachen, Germany

   National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

2. Caiping Zhang corresponding

   Beijing Jiaotong University

   Affiliation as printed

   National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

3. Zeping Chen

   Beijing Jiaotong University

   Affiliation as printed

   National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

4. Linjing Zhang

   Beijing Jiaotong University

   Affiliation as printed

   National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

5. Dirk Uwe Sauer Aachen Center for Ageing Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Helmholtz-Institute Münster · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Campus-Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Campus Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany

   Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Aachen, Germany

6. Weihan Li corresponding Aachen Center for Ageing Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Campus-Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Campus Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Aachen, Germany