Swift : a modern highly parallel gravity and smoothed particle hydrodynamics solver for astrophysical and cosmological applications
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 530, pp. 2378–2419
Abstract
ABSTRACT Numerical simulations have become one of the key tools used by theorists in all the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. The development of modern tools that target the largest existing computing systems and exploit state-of-the-art numerical methods and algorithms is thus crucial. In this paper, we introduce the fully open-source highly-parallel, versatile, and modular coupled hydrodynamics, gravity, cosmology, and galaxy-formation code Swift. The software package exploits hybrid shared- and distributed-memory task-based parallelism, asynchronous communications, and domain-decomposition algorithms based on balancing the workload, rather than the data, to efficiently exploit modern high-performance computing cluster architectures. Gravity is solved for using a fast-multipole-method, optionally coupled to a particle mesh solver in Fourier space to handle periodic volumes. For gas evolution, multiple modern flavours of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics are implemented. Swift also evolves neutrinos using a state-of-the-art particle-based method. Two complementary networks of sub-grid models for galaxy formation as well as extensions to simulate planetary physics are also released as part of the code. An extensive set of output options, including snapshots, light-cones, power spectra, and a coupling to structure finders are also included. We describe the overall code architecture, summarize the consistency and accuracy tests that were performed, and demonstrate the excellent weak-scaling performance of the code using a representative cosmological hydrodynamical problem with ≈300 billion particles. The code is released to the community alongside extensive documentation for both users and developers, a large selection of example test problems, and a suite of tools to aid in the analysis of large simulations run with Swift.
Authors 27
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University , PO Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Durham University · Massachusetts Institute of Technology · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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University of Geneva · Durham University · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computer Science, Durham University , Upper Mountjoy Campus, Stockton Road, Durham , UK
Laboratoire d’astrophysique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1290 Sauverny , Switzerland
Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland
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University of Helsinki · Stockholm University · AlbaNova
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Leiden University · Ghent University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent , Belgium
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Leiden University · Durham University · Leiden Observatory · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
Laboratoire d’astrophysique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1290 Sauverny , Switzerland
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
STFC Hartree Centre , Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD , UK
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Chinese University of Hong Kong · Durham University · University of Chicago
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL60637 , USA
Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong , China
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · University of Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
GRAPPA Institute, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherland
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Google AI Perception , Google Switzerland, CH-8002 Zurich , Switzerland
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ETH Zurich · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
ITS High Performance Computing, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
Laboratoire d’astrophysique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1290 Sauverny , Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Ames Research Center · Durham University
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 , USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Leiden University · University of Vienna
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna , Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna , Austria
Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University , PO Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire d’astrophysique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1290 Sauverny , Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent , Belgium
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Affiliation as printed
SciNet HPC Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1M1 , Canada
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University of Bern · Leiden University · Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK
Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University , PO Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Bern, 3012 , Switzerland
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