The human factor: results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin
Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol. 56, pp. 1618–1629
Abstract
A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed.
Authors 48
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Mysore, NIE First Grade College, Mysore – 570008, India
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Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Delft University of Technology
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Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
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Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Germany
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FORCE Technology, Park Alle 345, 2605 Brøndby, Denmark
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Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation · Australian Synchrotron
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Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés · Université Grenoble Alpes
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Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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University of Cologne · University of Duisburg-Essen
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Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4–6, 50939 Köln, Germany
Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5–7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Australian National University
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Department of Materials Physics, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
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Center for NanoScience · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase · University of Florence
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Department of Chemistry `Ugo Schiff' and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory
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Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) – Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation · Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering
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Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Argonne National Laboratory · Advanced Photon Source
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APS, ANL, 9700S Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, USA
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Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum · Technical University of Munich
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Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
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National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, PO Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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University of Washington, Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
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University of Cologne · University of Duisburg-Essen
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Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4–6, 50939 Köln, Germany
Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5–7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Independent Researcher, Germany
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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation · Australian Synchrotron
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Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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Rutherford Appleton Laboratory · Science and Technology Facilities Council · ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
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ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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University of Washington, Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay
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Université Paris–Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing
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BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
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Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation · Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering
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Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering , Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , New Illawarra Road , Lucas Heights , NSW 2234 , Australia,
Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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Forschungszentrum Jülich · Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, JCNS-MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
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