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October 12, 2023 article Open access Aachen paper

Purification-based quantum error mitigation of pair-correlated electron simulations

Nature Physics, vol. 19, pp. 1787–1792

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-02240-y Full text (OA) OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Before fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error-mitigation strategies were necessary to continue this growth. Here, we validate recently introduced error-mitigation strategies that exploit the expectation that the ideal output of a quantum algorithm would be a pure state. We consider the task of simulating electron systems in the seniority-zero subspace where all electrons are paired with their opposite spin. This affords a computational stepping stone to a fully correlated model. We compare the performance of error mitigations on the basis of doubling quantum resources in time or in space on up to 20 qubits of a superconducting qubit quantum processor. We observe a reduction of error by one to two orders of magnitude below less sophisticated techniques such as postselection. We study how the gain from error mitigation scales with the system size and observe a polynomial suppression of error with increased resources. Extrapolation of our results indicates that substantial hardware improvements will be required for classically intractable variational chemistry simulations.

Authors 97

  1. Thomas E. O’Brien corresponding Aachen Instituut-Lorentz

    Leiden University · Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

    Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands

  2. Gian-Luca Anselmetti

    Covestro (Germany)

    Affiliation as printed

    Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen, Germany

  3. Fotios Gkritsis

    Covestro (Germany)

    Affiliation as printed

    Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen, Germany

  4. Vincent E. Elfving

    Pasqal (France)

    Affiliation as printed

    PASQAL SAS, Massy, France

  5. Stefano Polla Aachen Instituut-Lorentz

    Leiden University · Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

    Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands

  6. William J. Huggins

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  7. Oumarou Oumarou

    Covestro (Germany)

    Affiliation as printed

    Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen, Germany

  8. Kostyantyn Kechedzhi

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  9. Dmitry A. Abanin

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  10. Rajeev Acharya

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  11. I. L. Aleǐner

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  12. R. M. Allen

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  13. T. I. Andersen

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  14. M. Ansmann

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  15. Frank Arute

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  16. Kunal Arya

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  17. Abraham T. Asfaw

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  18. Juan Atalaya

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  19. Joseph C. Bardin

    Google (United States) · University of Massachusetts Amherst

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  20. Andreas Bengtsson

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  21. Gina Bortoli

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  22. Alexandre Bourassa

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  23. Jenna Bovaird

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  24. L. Brill

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  25. Michael Broughton

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  26. Bob B. Buckley

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  27. David A. Buell

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  28. Tim Burger

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  29. Brian Burkett

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  30. Nicholas Bushnell

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  31. Juan Campero

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  32. Zidan Chen

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  33. B. Chiaro

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  34. D. Chik

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  35. J. Cogan

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  36. Roberto Collins

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  37. P. Conner

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  38. William Courtney

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  39. A. L. Crook

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  40. Ben Curtin

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  41. Dripto M. Debroy

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  42. Sean Demura

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  43. Ilya Drozdov

    Google (United States) · University of Connecticut

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  44. A. Dunsworth

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  45. Catherine Erickson

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  46. Lara Faoro

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  47. Edward Farhi

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  48. Reza Fatemi

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  49. V. S. Ferreira

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  50. Leslie Flores Burgos

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  51. Ebrahim Forati

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  52. A. G. Fowler

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  53. Brooks Foxen

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  54. William Giang

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  55. Craig Gidney

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  56. Dar Gilboa

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  57. Marissa Giustina

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  58. Raja Gosula

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  59. Alejandro Grajales Dau

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  60. Jonathan A. Gross

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  61. Steve Habegger

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  62. M. Hansen

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  63. Matthew P. Harrigan

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  64. Sean David Harrington

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  65. P. Heu

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  66. M. R. Hoffmann

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  67. Sabrina Hong

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  68. Trent Huang

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  69. Ashley Huff

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  70. L. B. Ioffe

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  71. S. V. Isakov

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  72. Justin Iveland

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  73. Evan R. Jeffrey

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  74. C. Jones

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  75. Pavol Juhás

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  76. Dvir Kafri

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  77. Tanuj Khattar

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  78. Mostafa Khezri

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  79. Mária Kieferová

    University of Technology Sydney · Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

    QSI, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  80. S. Kim

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  81. Paul V. Klimov

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  82. A. R. Klots

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  83. Alexander N. Korotkov

    University of California, Riverside · Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  84. Fedor Kostritsa

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  85. John Mark Kreikebaum

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  86. David Landhuis

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  87. Pavel Laptev

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  88. K.-M. Lau

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  89. Lily Laws

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  90. J. Lee

    Google (United States) · Columbia University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  91. K. Lee

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  92. Brian Lester

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  93. Alexander T. Lill

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  94. W. Liu

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  95. William P. Livingston

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  96. Aditya Locharla

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

  97. F. D. Malone

    Google (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

Cited by 73 stored of 73

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References 67