Visible extreme adaptive optics on extremely large telescopes: towards detecting oxygen in Proxima Centauri b and analogs

Abstract

Looking to the future of exo-Earth imaging from the ground, core technology developments are required in visible Extreme Adaptive Optics (ExAO) to enable the observation of atmospheric features such as oxygen on rocky planets in visible light. UNDERGROUND (Ultra-fast AO techNology Determination for Exoplanet imageRs from the GROUND), a collaboration built in Feb. 2023 at the Optimal Exoplanet Imagers Lorentz Workshop, aims to (1) motivate oxygen detection in Proxima Centauri b and analogs as an informative science case for high-contrast imaging and direct spectroscopy, (2) overview the state of the field with respect to visible exoplanet imagers, and (3) set the instrumental requirements to achieve this goal and identify what key technologies require further development.

Authors 41

1. J. Fowler

   University of California, Santa Cruz

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

2. Sebastiaan Y. Haffert

   University of Arizona

   Affiliation as printed

   Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

3. Maaike van Kooten

   Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Ctr. (Canada)

4. Rico Landman Aachen Leiden Observatory

   Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

5. Alexis Bidot

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

6. Adrien Hours

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

7. Mamadou N’Diaye

   Université Côte d'Azur

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Côte d'Azur (France)

8. Olivier Absil Aachen Leiden Observatory

   Leiden University · University of Arizona · Leiden Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

   Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

9. Lisa Altinier

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM (France)

10. Pierre Baudoz

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. de Paris (France)

11. Ruslan Belikov

    University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

12. Markus J. Bonse

    University of Arizona · University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

13. Kimberly Bott Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · University of California, Santa Cruz · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Ctr. (Canada)

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

14. Bernhard R. Brandl
15. Alexis Carlotti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

16. S. L. Casewell

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of California, Santa Cruz · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

17. Élodie Choquet
18. Nicolas B. Cowan

    University of Liège · University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    STAR Institute, Liège Univ. (Belgium)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

19. Niyati Desai
20. David S. Doelman Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of California, Santa Cruz · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. de Paris (France)

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

21. Kevin W. Fogarty

    University of Arizona

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

22. Timothy D. Gebhard

    University of California, Santa Cruz · Université Côte d'Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Côte d'Azur (France)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

23. Yann Gutierrez

    Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · University of Arizona · University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Ctr. (Canada)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

24. Olivier Guyon Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · University of Arizona · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

25. Olivier Herscovici-Schiller

    University of Arizona

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

26. Roser Juanola-Parramon

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Arizona · Université Côte d'Azur · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

    Univ. Côte d'Azur (France)

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

27. Matthew A. Kenworthy Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

28. Elina Kleisioti Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

29. Lorenzo König

    University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

30. Mariya Krasteva

    University of Arizona · University of Liège

    Affiliation as printed

    STAR Institute, Liège Univ. (Belgium)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

31. Iva Laginja

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. de Paris (France)

32. Lucie Leboulleux

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

33. Johan Mazoyer

    University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of California, Santa Cruz (United States)

34. Maxwell A. Millar‐Blanchaer

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Arizona · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM (France)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

35. David Mouillet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG (France)

36. Emiel H. Por

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Arizona · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. de Paris (France)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

37. Laurent A. Pueyo

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Arizona · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Univ. PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., Univ. de Paris (France)

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

38. Frans Snik Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

39. Dirk M. van Dam Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)

40. Kyle Van Gorkom

    University of Arizona

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

41. Sophia R. Vaughan

    Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Ctr. (Canada)