Balancing Resistor-based Online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: Opportunities and Limitations

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Abstract

Abstract Active dissipative balancing systems are widely used in battery systems. A lower boundary for the necessary balancing current is the difference in the leakage current of batteries in the system. The use of balancing resistors for the excitation of lithium-ion battery cells to determine their impedance has been discussed for almost decades. The value of impedance spectroscopy for in-depth battery cell diagnostics, such as temperature or aging, is currently being demonstrated and recognized by vehicle manufacturers, chip producers, and academia. This work systematically and quantitatively investigates how and under which circumstances the excitation can be performed via the balancing resistors already used in the battery management system and where limitations may lie. If individual cells or modules are to be replaceable, the balancing current must be so high that it can also be used for online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Authors 5

1. Alexander Blömeke corresponding Aachen

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   ISEA RWTH Aachen University

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Germany

   Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems (ESS) -Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, 52074 Aachen, Germany

2. Hendrik Zappen
   Affiliation as printed

   Safion GmbH , Tempelhofer Str. 12 , 52068 Aachen , Germany

   Safion GmbH, Tempelhofer Str. 12, 52068 Aachen, Germany

3. Florian Ringbeck

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing , Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL) , Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance -JARA-Energy , Germany

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance -JARA-Energy, Germany

4. David Wasylowski

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing , Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL) , Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance -JARA-Energy , Germany

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance -JARA-Energy, Germany

5. Dirk Uwe Sauer

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · Helmholtz-Institute Münster

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), Germany

   IEK-12, Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS) -Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance -JARA-Energy, Germany