Evaluation of different classification methods using electronic nose data to diagnose sarcoidosis

Journal of Breath Research, vol. 17, pp. 047104

Abstract

Abstract Electronic nose (eNose) technology is an emerging diagnostic application, using artificial intelligence to classify human breath patterns. These patterns can be used to diagnose medical conditions. Sarcoidosis is an often difficult to diagnose disease, as no standard procedure or conclusive test exists. An accurate diagnostic model based on eNose data could therefore be helpful in clinical decision-making. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of various dimensionality reduction methods and classifiers in order to design an accurate diagnostic model for sarcoidosis. Various methods of dimensionality reduction and multiple hyperparameter optimised classifiers were tested and cross-validated on a dataset of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (n = 224) and other interstitial lung disease (n = 317). Best performing methods were selected to create a model to diagnose patients with sarcoidosis. Nested cross-validation was applied to calculate the overall diagnostic performance. A classification model with feature selection and random forest (RF) classifier showed the highest accuracy. The overall diagnostic performance resulted in an accuracy of 87.1% and area-under-the-curve of 91.2%. After comparing different dimensionality reduction methods and classifiers, a highly accurate model to diagnose a patient with sarcoidosis using eNose data was created. The RF classifier and feature selection showed the best performance. The presented systematic approach could also be applied to other eNose datasets to compare methods and select the optimal diagnostic model.

Authors 8

1. Iris G. van der Sar

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, NETHERLANDS

2. Nynke van Jaarsveld Aachen Educational Program Technical Medicine

   Leiden University Medical Center · Erasmus MC · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Educational Program Technical Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Delft University of Technology & Erasmus University Medical Center, Leiden, Delft & Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2628 CD Delft, NETHERLANDS

3. Imme A Spiekerman Aachen Educational Program Technical Medicine

   Leiden University Medical Center · Erasmus MC · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Educational Program Technical Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Delft University of Technology & Erasmus University Medical Center, Leiden, Delft & Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2628 CD, NETHERLANDS

4. Floor J Toxopeus Aachen Educational Program Technical Medicine

   Leiden University Medical Center · Erasmus MC · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Educational Program Technical Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Delft University of Technology & Erasmus University Medical Center, Leiden, Delft & Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2628 CD Delft, NETHERLANDS

5. Quint L Langens Aachen Educational Program Technical Medicine

   Leiden University Medical Center · Erasmus MC · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Educational Program Technical Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Delft University of Technology & Erasmus University Medical Center, Leiden, Delft & Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2628 CD, NETHERLANDS

6. Marlies S Wijsenbeek

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, 3015 GD, NETHERLANDS

7. Justin Dauwels

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

   Microelectronics, TU Delft, Delft, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2600 AA, NETHERLANDS

8. Catharina C. Moor corresponding

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

   Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, NETHERLANDS