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July 25, 2023 conference-paper Open access Aachen paper

Conditional normalizing flows for IceCube event reconstruction

International Cosmic Ray Conference, pp. 1003

DOI: 10.22323/1.444.1003 Full text (OA) OpenAlex

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer high-energy neutrino detector deployed in the Antarctic ice. Two major event classes are charged-current electron and muon neutrino interactions. In this contribution, we discuss the inference of direction and energy for these classes using conditional normalizing flows. They allow to derive a posterior distribution for each individual event based on the raw data that can include systematic uncertainties, which makes them very promising for next-generation reconstructions. For each normalizing flow we use the differential entropy and the KL-divergence to its maximum entropy approximation to interpret the results. The normalizing flows correctly incorporate complex optical properties of the Antarctic ice and their relation to the embedded detector. For showers, the differential entropy increases in regions of high photon absorption and decreases in clear ice. For muons, the differential entropy strongly correlates with the contained track length. Coverage is maintained, even for low photon counts and highly asymmetrical contour shapes. For high-photon counts, the distributions get narrower and become more symmetrical, as expected from the asymptotic theorem of Bernstein-von-Mises. For shower directional reconstruction, we find the region between 1 TeV and 100 TeV to potentially benefit the most from normalizing flows because of azimuth-zenith asymmetries which have been neglected in previous analyses by assuming symmetrical contours. Events in this energy range play a vital role in the recent discovery of the galactic plane diffuse neutrino emission.

Authors 99

  1. T. Glüsenkamp corresponding Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Uppsala University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  2. M. Ackermann

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  3. Jenni Adams

    University of Canterbury

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

  4. Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  5. Juanan Aguilar

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles , Science Faculty CP230 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

  6. M. Ahlers

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  7. Jean-Marco Alameddine

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  8. Najia Moureen Binte Amin

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  9. K. Andeen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  10. G. Anton

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  11. Carlos A. Argüelles

    Harvard University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

  12. Yosuke Ashida

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  13. Sofia Athanasiadou

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  14. Spencer Axani

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  15. X. Bai

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  16. Aswathi Balagopal V
  17. Moreno Baricevic

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  18. S. W. Barwick

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  19. Vedant Basu

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  20. Ryan Carlton Bay

    University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  21. J. J. Beatty

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  22. Julia Becker Tjus

    Ruhr University Bochum

    Affiliation as printed

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum , Germany

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

  23. Jakob Beise

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  24. Chiara Bellenghi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  25. Charlotte Benning Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Uppsala University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  26. S. BenZvi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  27. David Berley

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  28. E. Bernardini

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  29. D. Besson

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  30. E. Blaufuss

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  31. Summer Blot

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  32. Federico Bontempo

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  33. Julia Book

    Harvard University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

  34. Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo
  35. Sebastian BOSER

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  36. O. Botner

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  37. Jakob Bottcher Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Uppsala University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  38. Etienne Bourbeau

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  39. Jim Braun

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  40. Bennett Brinson

    Georgia Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA 30332 , USA

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  41. Jannes Brostean-Kaiser

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  42. Ryan T. Burley

    The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , 5005 , Australia

    Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia

  43. Raffaela Busse

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  44. Delaney Butterfield

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  45. Michael Campana

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  46. Kiara Carloni

    Harvard University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

  47. Erin Carnie-Bronca

    The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , 5005 , Australia

    Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia

  48. Sharmistha Chattopadhyay

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  49. Thien Nhan Chau

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

  50. Chujie Chen

    Georgia Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA 30332 , USA

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  51. Zheyang Chen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  52. D. Chirkin

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  53. Seowon Choi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  54. Brian A. Clark

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  55. Lew Classen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  56. Alan Coleman

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  57. Gabriel Collin

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

  58. A. Connolly

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  59. Janet M. Conrad

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  60. Paul Coppin

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

  61. Pablo Correa

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  62. D. F. Cowen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  63. Pranav Dave

    Georgia Institute of Technology · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA 30332 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  64. Catherine DE CLERCQ

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  65. James DeLaunay

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  66. Diyaselis Delgado Lopez
  67. Shuyang Deng Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Uppsala University · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  68. Kunal Deoskar

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  69. Abhishek Desai

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  70. P. Desiati

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  71. Krijn D. de Vries

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  72. G. de Wasseige

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  73. T. DeYoung

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  74. Alejandro Díaz

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  75. Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  76. Markus Dittmer

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  77. Alba Domi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  78. Hrvoje Dujmović

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  79. M. A. DuVernois

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  80. Thomas Ehrhardt

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  81. P. Eller

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  82. Enrico Ellinger

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  83. Sharif El Mentawi Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Uppsala University · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  84. Dominik Elsässer

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  85. Robert Engel

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  86. Hannah Erpenbeck

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  87. John Cyril Evans

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  88. Paul A. Evenson

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  89. Kwok Lung Fan

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  90. Ke Fang

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  91. Kareem Ramadan Farrag

    Chiba University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

  92. Ali R. Fazely

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Southern University , Baton Rouge , LA 70813 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  93. Anatoli Fedynitch

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  94. Nora Feigl

    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Physik , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , D-12489 Berlin , Germany

    Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

  95. Sebastian Fiedlschuster

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  96. Chad Finley

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  97. Leander Fischer

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  98. D. B. Fox

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

  99. A. Franckowiak

    Ruhr University Bochum

    Affiliation as printed

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum , Germany

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

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