Refining the IceCube detector geometry using muon and LED calibration data
International Cosmic Ray Conference, pp. 988
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory deployed 5160 digital optical modules (DOMs) on 86 cables, called strings, in a cubic kilometer of deep glacial ice below the geographic South Pole. These record the Cherenkov light of passing charged particles. Knowledge of the DOM positions is vital for event reconstruction. While vertical positions have been calibrated, previous in-situ geometry calibration methods have been unable to measure horizontal deviations from the surface positions, largely due to degeneracies with ice model uncertainties. Thus the lateral position of the surface position of each hole is to date in almost all cases used as the lateral position of all DOMs on a given string. With the recent advances in ice modeling, two new in-situ measurements have now been undertaken. Using a large sample of muon tracks, the individual positions of all DOMs on a small number of strings around the center of the detector have been fitted. Verifying the results against LED calibration data shows that the string-average corrections improve detector modeling. Directly fitting string-average geometry corrections for the full array using LED data agrees with the average corrections as derived from muons where available. Analyses are now ongoing to obtain per-DOM positions using both methods and in addition, methods are being developed to correct the recorded arrival times for the expected scattering delay, allowing for multilateration of the positions using nanosecond-precision propagation delays.
Authors 99
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Stockholm University · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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University of California, Berkeley
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Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
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CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Stockholm University · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Stockholm University · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Georgia Institute of Technology
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School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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The University of Adelaide · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
III. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
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CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
-
The University of Adelaide · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
III. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
-
Georgia Institute of Technology
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School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Georgia Institute of Technology
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School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Affiliation as printed
Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University
Affiliation as printed
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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