Changes during early copepodid development of podoplean copepods: common ancestry or convergence

Crustaceana, vol. 96, pp. 511–520

Abstract

Abstract Examples are given of parasitic podopleans that change behaviour, and often morphology, between the first and second copepodid stages. The first copepodid is free-swimming, dispersive and infective; the second copepodid is found attached to or within its host and usually has undergone changes in morphology. Among free-living podopleans, changes in behaviour but not morphology are documented. Strengths and weaknesses of different evolutionary explanations are considered for these changes, including descent from a common free-living ancestor, convergences from several free-living ancestors, or a mixed model. More observations of free-living podopleans, like harpacticoids and cyclopoids, closely associated with the benthos, would be particularly valuable in testing each explanation.

Authors 1

1. Frank D. Ferrari corresponding Aachen Division of Systematic Zoology of Leiden University

   Leiden University · Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutiques · Smithsonian Institution · National Museum of Natural History

   Affiliation as printed

   2924 NE 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97212, U.S.A

   1 ) 2924 NE 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97212, U.S.A

   Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A

   Division of Systematic Zoology of Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands