The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph for the VLT

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 674, pp. A207

Abstract

The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) is an instrument that both extends and enhances the fundamental diffraction limited imaging and spectroscopy capability for the VLT. It replaces two instruments that were being maintained beyond their operational lifetimes, combines their functionality on a single focus, provides a new wavefront sensing module for natural and laser guide stars that makes use of the Adaptive Optics Facility, and considerably improves on their performance. The observational modes ERIS provides are integral field spectroscopy at 1–2.5 μm, imaging at 1–5 μm with several options for high-contrast imaging, and long-slit spectroscopy at 3–4 μm. The instrument is installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4 at the VLT and, following its commissioning during 2022, has been made available to the community.

Authors 84

1. R. Davies corresponding

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

   Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

2. Olivier Absil

   University of Liège

   Affiliation as printed

   Space Sciences, Technologies, and Astrophysics Research Institute , Université de Liège , 4000 Sart Tilman , Belgium

   Space Sciences, Technologies, and Astrophysics Research Institute, Université de Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

3. Guido Agapito

   Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

4. Alex Agudo Berbel

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

5. Andrea Baruffolo

   Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5 , 35122 Padova , Italy

   INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

6. V. Biliotti

   Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

7. Martin T. Black

   Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

   Affiliation as printed

   STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

   STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

8. Marco Bonaglia

   Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

   INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

9. Markus J. Bonse

   ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

   ETH Zurich, Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

10. Runa Antonio Briguglio

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

11. P. Campana

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107 , Vitacura , Santiago , Chile

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

12. Yixian Cao

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

13. Luca Carbonaro

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

14. A. Cortes

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

15. G. Cresci

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

16. Yigit Dallilar

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Str. 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany

17. F. Dannert

    ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    ETH Zurich, Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

18. Robert J. De Rosa

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107 , Vitacura , Santiago , Chile

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

19. M. Deysenroth

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

20. Ivan Di Antonio

    Collurania Teramo Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy

21. A. Di Cianno
22. Gianluca Di Rico

    Collurania Teramo Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy

23. David S. Doelman Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory , University of Leiden , PO Box 9513 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands

    Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

24. Mauro Dolci

    Collurania Teramo Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo , Via Mentore Maggini , 64100 Teramo , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy

25. Reinhold J. Dorn

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

26. F. Eisenhauer

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

27. Simone Esposito

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

28. D. Fantinel

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5 , 35122 Padova , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

29. Debora Ferruzzi

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

30. H. Feuchtgruber

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

31. Gert Finger

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

32. N. M. Förster Schreiber

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

33. X. Gao

    Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

34. H. Gemperlein

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

35. R. Genzel

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

36. S. Gillessen

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

37. C. Ginski

    Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre for Astronomy , Dept. of Physics , National University of Ireland Galway , University Road , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland

    Centre for Astronomy, Dept. of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland

38. Adrian Michael Glauser

    ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    ETH Zurich, Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

39. A. Glindemann

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

40. Paolo Grani

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

41. M. Hartl

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

42. Jean Hayoz

    ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    ETH Zurich, Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

43. Marianne Heida

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

44. D. Henry

    Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

45. R. Hofmann

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

46. H. Huber

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

47. M. Kasper

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

48. Christoph U. Keller Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory , University of Leiden , PO Box 9513 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands

    Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

49. Matthew A. Kenworthy Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory , University of Leiden , PO Box 9513 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands

    Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

50. Kateryna Kravchenko

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

51. H. Kuntschner

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

52. S. Lacour

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 Place Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

53. J. Lightfoot

    Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

54. David Lunney

    Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

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    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

55. Dieter Lutz

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

56. Mike MacIntosh

    Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    STFC UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

57. Filippo Mannucci

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

58. Michaël Marsset

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107 , Vitacura , Santiago , Chile

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

59. A. Modigliani

    European Southern Observatory

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    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

60. Mark Neeser

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

61. Gilles Orban de Xivry

    University of Liège

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Sciences, Technologies, and Astrophysics Research Institute , Université de Liège , 4000 Sart Tilman , Belgium

    Space Sciences, Technologies, and Astrophysics Research Institute, Université de Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

62. Thomas Ott

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany

63. L. Pallanca

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107 , Vitacura , Santiago , Chile

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

64. Polychronis Patapis

    ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    ETH Zurich, Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

65. Eduardo Peña

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107 , Vitacura , Santiago , Chile

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

66. I. Percheron

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

67. A. Puglisi

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5., 50125 Firenze, Italy

68. S. P. Quanz

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

69. S. Rabien

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

70. C. Rau

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

71. Armando Riccardi

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

72. Bernardo Salasnich

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5 , 35122 Padova , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

73. Hans Martin Schmid

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    ETH Zurich , Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

74. J. Schubert

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

75. B. Serra

    European Southern Observatory · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2 , 85748 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

76. Thomas Shimizu

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

77. Frans Snik Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

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    Leiden Observatory , University of Leiden , PO Box 9513 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands

    Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

78. E. Sturm

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

79. L. Tacconi

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

80. W. Taylor

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

81. A. Valentini

    Collurania Teramo Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo , Via Mentore Maggini , 64100 Teramo , Italy

    INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy

82. C. Waring

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    STFC UK ATC , Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill. Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

83. E. Wiezorrek

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Postfach 1312 , 85741 Garching , Germany

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (

84. Marco Xompero

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · ETH Zurich · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5. , 50125 Firenze , Italy

    Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich in Switzerland

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, including the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (