Surface Multifunctionalization of Inert Ceramic Implants by Calcium Phosphate Biomimetic Coating Doped with Nanoparticles Encapsulating Antibiotics

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, pp. 21699–21718

Abstract

Aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infections are complications that can occur at the interface between inert ceramic implants and natural body tissues. Therefore, the need for novel materials with antibacterial properties to prevent implant-related infection is evident. This study proposes multifunctionalizing the inert ceramic implant surface by biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coating decorated with antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles for bioactivity enhancement and antibacterial effect. This study aimed to coat zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) substrates with a bioactive CaP-layer containing drug-loaded degradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were loaded with two antibiotics, gentamicin or bacitracin. The immobilization of NPs happened by two deposition methods: coprecipitation and drop-casting. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cross-section analyses were used to characterize the coatings. MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were chosen for in vitro tests. Antibacterial activity was assessed with S. aureus and E. coli . The coprecipitation method allowed for a favorable homogeneous distribution of the NPs within the CaP coating. The CaP coating was constituted of hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate; its thickness was 3.8 ± 1 μm with cavities of around 1 μm suitable for hosting NPs with a size of 200 nm. Antibiotics were released from the coatings in a controlled manner for 1 month. The cell culture study has confirmed the excellent behavior of the coprecipitated coating, showing cytocompatibility and a homogeneous distribution of the cells on the coated surfaces. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity showed osteogenic differentiation. The materials were found to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Newly developed coatings with antibacterial and bioactive properties are promising candidates to prevent peri-implant infectious bone diseases.

Authors 10

1. Gaëlle Desante corresponding Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Ceramics

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany

2. Iwona Pudełko corresponding

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

3. Małgorzata Krok−Borkowicz

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

4. Elżbieta Pamuła

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

5. Philipp Jacobs Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Glass and Glass-ceramic

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Glass and Glass-ceramic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany

6. Alicja Kazek‐Kęsik

   Silesian University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland and Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

7. Jonas Nießen Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Ceramics

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany

8. Rainer Telle Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Ceramics

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany

9. Jesús González‐Julián Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Ceramics

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany

10. Karolina Schickle Aachen Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI) Chair of Ceramics

    Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Gießen, Germany

    Institute of Mineral Engineering, Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany