Handling Missing Data in Principal Component Analysis Using Multiple Imputation

Methodology of educational measurement and assessment, pp. 141–161

Abstract

Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used tool for establishing the dimensional structure in questionnaire data. Whenever questionnaire data are incomplete, the missing data need to be treated prior to carrying out a PCA. Several methods exist for handling missing data prior to carrying out a PCA. The current chapter first discusses the most recent developments regarding the treatment of missing data in PCA. Next, of these methods, the method that is most promising both from a theoretical and practical point of view will be discussed in more detail, namely, multiple imputation. Finally, some extensions of multiple imputation to other PCA-related techniques or to statistics within PCA beyond the basics are discussed, and some general recommendations regarding the use of PCA on multiply imputed datasets in different statistical software packages will be given.

Authors 1

1. Joost R. van Ginkel corresponding Aachen Methodology and Statistics

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Methodology and Statistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands