The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 680, pp. A31
Abstract
Context. It is well established that shock waves in the intracluster medium launched by galaxy cluster mergers can produce synchrotron emission, which is visible to us at radio frequencies as radio relics. However, the particle acceleration mechanism producing these relics is still not fully understood. It is also unclear how relics relate to radio halos, which trace merger-induced turbulence in the intracluster medium. Aims. We aim to perform the first statistical analysis of radio relics in a mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters, using homogeneous observations. Methods. We analysed all relics observed by the Low Frequency Array Two Metre Sky Survey Data Release 2 (LoTSS DR2) at 144 MHz, hosted by galaxy clusters in the second Planck catalogue of SZ sources (PSZ2). We measured and compared the relic properties in a uniform, unbiased way. In particular, we developed a method to describe the characteristic downstream width in a statistical manner. Additionally, we searched for differences between radio relic-hosting clusters with and without radio halos. Results. We find that, in our sample, ∼10% of galaxy clusters host at least one radio relic. We confirm previous findings, at higher frequencies, of a correlation between the relic-cluster centre distance and the longest linear size, as well as the radio relic power and cluster mass. However, our findings suggest that we are still missing a population of low-power relics. We also find that relics are wider than theoretically expected, even with optimistic downstream conditions. Finally, we do not find evidence of a single property that separates relic-hosting clusters with and without radio halos.
Authors 22
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A. Jones corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Universität Hamburg · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Leiden University · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Leiden Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
DIFA -Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF, IASF-Milano, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · Leiden Observatory · Space Research Organisation Netherlands · The University of Tokyo
Affiliation as printed
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF, IASF-Milano, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
DIFA -Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
INAF, IASF-Milano, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Affiliation as printed
Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
DIFA -Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF -Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
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University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
INAF, IASF-Milano, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
Affiliation as printed
GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (5, place Jules Janssen 92195 MEUDON CEDEX - France)
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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