Native and engineered extracellular vesicles for wound healing

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 10, pp. 1053217

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as messengers mediate communication between parent and recipient cells through their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These endogenous vesicles have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of diseases. EVs can be released by various types of cells with unique biological properties. Recent studies have shown that native EVs are used as therapeutic agents to promote tissue repair by delivering various growth factors and trophic factors including VEGF, EGF, TFN-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β to participate in all physiological processes of wound healing. Furthermore, to improve their specificity, safety, and efficiency for wound healing, the content and surface of EVs can be designed, modified, and engineered. The engineering strategies of EVs are divided into parent cell modification and indirect modification of EVs. The therapeutic potential of current EVs and engineered EVs for wound healing still requires the exploration of their large-scale clinical applications through innovative approaches. Herein, we provide an overview of the current biological knowledge about wound healing and EVs, as well as the application of native EVs in promoting wound healing. We also outline recent advances in engineering EV methodologies to achieve ideal therapeutic potential. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered EVs in wound healing are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects for the translation of engineered EVs to clinical applications are discussed.

Authors 7

1. Shengli Lu

   Central South University · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

2. Liping Lu

   Nanfang Hospital · Southern Medical University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

3. Yang Liu Aachen Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center

   Central South University · Leiden University Medical Center · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherland

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

4. Zenan Li

   Central South University · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

5. Yuan Fang

   Central South University · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

6. Zhizhao Chen

   Central South University · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

7. Jianda Zhou corresponding

   Central South University · Third Xiangya Hospital · Xiangya Hospital Central South University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China