Plaque burden estimated from optical coherence tomography with deep learning: In vivo validation using co‐registered intravascular ultrasound

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 101, pp. 287–296

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to compare plaque burden (PB) calculated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) using deep learning (DL) with PB derived from co-registered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: A DL algorithm was developed for automated plaque characterization and PB quantification from OCT images. However, the performance of this algorithm for PB quantification has not been validated. METHODS: Five-year follow-up OCT and IVUS images from 15 patients implanted with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) at baseline were analyzed. Precise co-registration for 72 anatomical slices was achieved utilizing unique BVS radiopaque markers. PB derived from OCT DL and IVUS were compared. OCT cross-sections were divided into four subgroups with different media visibility level. The impact of media visibility on the numerical difference between OCT-derived and IVUS-derived PB was investigated. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL and IVUS were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-four paired OCT and IVUS cross-sections were compared. OCT DL showed good concordance with IVUS for PB assessment (ICC = 0.81, difference = -3.53 ± 6.17%, p < 0.001). The numerical difference between OCT DL-derived PB and IVUS-derived PB was not substantially impacted by missing segments of media visualization (p = 0.21). OCT DL showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92% in identifying PB > 65%. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL were smaller compared to the ones selected by IVUS (difference = 0.30 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The DL algorithm provides a feasible and reliable method for automated PB estimation from OCT, irrespective of media visibility. OCT DL showed good diagnostic accuracy in identifying PB > 65%, revealing its potential to complement conventional OCT imaging.

Authors 12

1. Jiayue Huang

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, Smart Sensors Laboratory and CÚRAM University of Galway Galway Ireland

2. Shengxian Tu corresponding

   Shanghai Jiao Tong University

   Affiliation as printed

   Biomedical Instrument Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

   Biomedical Instrument Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

3. Shinichiro Masuda

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology University of Galway Galway Ireland

   Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

4. Kai Ninomiya

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology University of Galway Galway Ireland

   Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

5. Jouke Dijkstra Aachen Division of Image Processing (LKEB) Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Division of Image Processing Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center

   Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands

   Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

6. Miao Chu

   Shanghai Jiao Tong University

   Affiliation as printed

   Biomedical Instrument Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

   Biomedical Instrument Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

7. Daixin Ding

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, Smart Sensors Laboratory and CÚRAM University of Galway Galway Ireland

8. Seán O. Hynes

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · University Hospital Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Histopathology University Hospital Galway and University of Galway Galway Ireland

   Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Galway and University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

9. Neil O’Leary

   Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology University of Galway Galway Ireland

   Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

10. Yoshinobu Onuma

    Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Cardiology University of Galway Galway Ireland

    Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

11. Patrick W.J.C. Serruys

    Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · Imperial College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Cardiovascular Science Division, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK

    Department of Cardiology University of Galway Galway Ireland

    Cardiovascular Science Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

12. William C. Wijns

    Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

    Affiliation as printed

    The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, Smart Sensors Laboratory and CÚRAM University of Galway Galway Ireland