Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 670, pp. A183
Abstract
We present a UV spectroscopic study of ionized outflows in 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN), observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The targets of the Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays (SUBWAYS) sample were selected with the aim to probe the parameter space of the underexplored AGN between the local Seyfert galaxies and the luminous quasars at high redshifts. Our targets, spanning redshifts of 0.1–0.4 and bolometric luminosities ( L bol ) of 10 45 –10 46 erg s −1 , have been observed with a large multi-wavelength campaign using XMM-Newton , NuSTAR , and HST. Here, we model the UV spectra and look for different types of AGN outflows that may produce either narrow or broad UV absorption features. We examine the relations between the observed UV outflows and other properties of the AGN. We find that 60% of our targets show a presence of outflowing H I absorption, while 40% exhibit ionized outflows seen as absorption by either C IV , N V , or O VI . This is comparable to the occurrence of ionized outflows seen in the local Seyfert galaxies. All UV absorption lines in the sample are relatively narrow, with outflow velocities reaching up to −3300 km s −1 . We did not detect any UV counterparts to the X-ray ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), most likely due to their being too highly ionized to produce significant UV absorption. However, all SUBWAYS targets with an X-ray UFO that have HST data demonstrate the presence of UV outflows at lower velocities. We find significant correlations between the column density ( N ) of the UV ions and L bol of the AGN, with N H I decreasing with L bol , while N O VI is increasing with L bol . This is likely to be a photoionization effect, where toward higher AGN luminosities, the wind becomes more ionized, resulting in less absorption by neutral or low-ionization ions and more absorption by high-ionization ions. In addition, we find that N of the UV ions decreases as their outflow velocity increases. This may be explained by a mechanical power that is evacuating the UV-absorbing medium. Our observed relations are consistent with multiphase AGN feeding and feedback simulations indicating that a combination of both radiative and mechanical processes are in play.
Authors 38
-
Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
-
Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
-
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi" (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
European Space Astronomy Centre · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi" (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544-1001, USA
-
Catholic University of America
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
-
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
-
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
-
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
-
Space Research Organisation Netherlands · University of Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
-
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
-
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
-
Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma 00133, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
-
Roma Tre University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
-
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
-
Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
-
Leiden University · University of Leicester · Leiden Observatory · University of Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
-
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
-
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
-
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi" (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
-
Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma 00133, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
-
Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
-
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
-
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Centro de Astrobiología
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astrobiología, (CAB, CSIC–INTA), Departamento de Astrofísica, Cra. de Ajalvir Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
-
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
-
Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
-
Brera Astronomical Observatory · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
-
Roma Tre University · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
University of Rome Tor Vergata · Goddard Space Flight Center · Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata · University of Maryland, College Park · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
INFN – Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
NASA – Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Physics Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
-
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi" (DIFA), University of Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
-
Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
Cited by 13 stored of 13
13 results
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-11).