The EBLM project – IX. Five fully convective M-dwarfs, precisely measured with CHEOPS and TESS light curves

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 519, pp. 3546–3563

Abstract

ABSTRACT Eclipsing binaries are important benchmark objects to test and calibrate stellar structure and evolution models. This is especially true for binaries with a fully convective M-dwarf component for which direct measurements of these stars’ masses and radii are difficult using other techniques. Within the potential of M-dwarfs to be exoplanet host stars, the accuracy of theoretical predictions of their radius and effective temperature as a function of their mass is an active topic of discussion. Not only the parameters of transiting exoplanets but also the success of future atmospheric characterization relies on accurate theoretical predictions. We present the analysis of five eclipsing binaries with low-mass stellar companions out of a subsample of 23, for which we obtained ultra-high-precision light curves using the CHEOPS satellite. The observation of their primary and secondary eclipses are combined with spectroscopic measurements to precisely model the primary parameters and derive the M-dwarfs mass, radius, surface gravity, and effective temperature estimates using the PYCHEOPS data analysis software. Combining these results to the same set of parameters derived from TESS light curves, we find very good agreement (better than 1 per cent for radius and better than 0.2 per cent for surface gravity). We also analyse the importance of precise orbits from radial velocity measurements and find them to be crucial to derive M-dwarf radii in a regime below 5 per cent accuracy. These results add five valuable data points to the mass–radius diagram of fully convective M-dwarfs.

Authors 88

1. Daniel Sebastian corresponding

   University of Birmingham

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK

   School of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham, B15 2TT, UK

2. M I Swayne

   Keele University

   Affiliation as printed

   Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

   Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom

3. Pierre F L Maxted

   Keele University

   Affiliation as printed

   Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

   Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom

4. Amaury H. M. J. Triaud

   University of Birmingham

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK

   School of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham, B15 2TT, UK

5. S. G. Sousa

   Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

6. Göran Olofsson

   Stockholm University · AlbaNova

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

7. M. Beck

   University of Geneva

   Affiliation as printed

   Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

8. N. Billot

   University of Geneva

   Affiliation as printed

   Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

9. S. Hoyer

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

10. Samuel Gill

    University of Warwick

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    Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

    Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

11. N. Heidari

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

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    Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

12. David V. Martin

    The Ohio State University

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    Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 4055 McPherson Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

13. Carina M. Persson

    Chalmers University of Technology

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    Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory , SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden

14. Matthew R. Standing

    University of Birmingham

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    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK

    School of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham, B15 2TT, UK

15. Yann Alibert

    University of Bern

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    Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

16. R. Alonso

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

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    Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

17. Guillem Anglada-Escudé

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

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    Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

18. Joel Asquier

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

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    ESTEC, European Space Agency , NL-2201AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

19. T. Bárczy
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    Admatis , 5. Kandó Kálmán Street, 3534 Miskolc, Hungary

20. D. Barrado

    Centro de Astrobiología

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    Departamento de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus , E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain

21. S. C. C. Barros

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

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    Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

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    University of Warwick

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23. W. Baumjohann

    Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute

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    Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

24. T. Beck

    University of Bern

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    Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

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    University of Bern · Center for Space and Habitability

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    Center for Space and Habitability , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

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    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy

27. I. Boisse

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

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    Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

28. Xavier Bonfils

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , F-38000 Grenoble, France

29. A. Brandeker

    Stockholm University · AlbaNova

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    Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

30. Christopher H. Broeg

    University of Bern · Center for Space and Habitability

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    Center for Space and Habitability , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

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31. J. Cabrera

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

32. S. Charnoz

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de physique du globe de Paris · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS , F-75005 Paris, France

33. Andrew Collier Cameron

    University of St Andrews

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    Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK

34. Sz. Csizmadia

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

35. M. B. Davies

    Lund University

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    Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

36. M. Deleuil

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

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    Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

37. L. Delrez

    University of Liège

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    Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

    Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

38. Olivier D S Demangeon

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

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    Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

39. Brice-Olivier Demory

    Center for Space and Habitability

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    Center for Space and Habitability , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

40. Georgina Dransfield

    University of Birmingham

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    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK

    School of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham, B15 2TT, UK

41. David Ehrenreich

    University of Geneva

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    Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

42. Anders Erikson

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

43. A. Fortier

    University of Bern · Center for Space and Habitability

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    Center for Space and Habitability , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

    Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

44. L. Fossati

    Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute

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    Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

45. Malcolm C. Fridlund Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Chalmers University of Technology

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    Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory , SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden

    Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

46. D. Gandolfi

    University of Turin

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    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino , via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy

47. M. Gillon

    University of Liège

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    Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

48. M. Güdel

    University of Vienna

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    University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics , Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

49. J. Hasiba

    Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute

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    Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

50. Guillaume Hébrard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie

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    Institut d’astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie , 98bis blvd. Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

51. Kevin Heng

    University of Warwick · Center for Space and Habitability

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    Center for Space and Habitability , Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

    Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

    Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

52. K. G. Isaak

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

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    Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Directorate of Science, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201-AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

53. L. L. Kiss

    Eötvös Loránd University · Konkoly Observatory · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences

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    ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Hungary

    Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Hungary

54. Emanuel Kopp

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

55. Vedad Kunovac

    Lowell Observatory · University of Birmingham

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    Lowell Observatory , 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK

    School of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham, B15 2TT, UK

56. J. Laskar

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides

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    IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ. , 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France

57. Alain Lecavelier des Etangs

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie

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    Institut d’astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie , 98bis blvd. Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

58. M. Lendl

    University of Geneva

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59. Christophe Lovis

    University of Geneva

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60. Demetrio Magrin

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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61. J. McCormac

    University of Warwick

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62. N J Miller

    Keele University

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    Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

    Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom

63. V. Nascimbeni

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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64. R. Ottensamer

    University of Vienna

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65. I. Pagano

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania · National Institute for Astrophysics

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66. Ε. Πάλλη

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

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    Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

67. Francesco Alfonso Pepe

    University of Geneva

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68. Gisbert Peter

    University of Padua · Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

69. G. Piotto

    University of Padua · ETH Zurich · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Universita degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

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    ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

70. D. Pollacco

    University of Warwick

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71. Didier P. Queloz

    ETH Zurich · Technische Universität Berlin

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    ETH Zurich, Department of Physics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

    Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, Hardenberstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany

72. Roberto Ragazzoni

    University of Padua · ETH Zurich · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Universita degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

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    ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

73. N. Rando

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

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    ESTEC, European Space Agency , NL-2201AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

74. Heike Rauer

    Eötvös Loránd University · Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · Freie Universität Berlin

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    ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory , 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary

    Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin , D-12249 Berlin, Germany

    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

75. I. Ribas

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

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    Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain

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76. S. Lalitha

    University of Birmingham

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77. A. Santerne

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

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78. Nuno C. Santos

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

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    Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

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79. G. Scandariato

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania , Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

    Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany

80. Damien Ségransan

    University of Geneva

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81. Attila E. Simon

    University of Bern

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82. Alexis M. S. Smith

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

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    Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

83. M. Steller

    Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute

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    Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

84. Gy. M. Szabó

    Eötvös Loránd University · University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom

85. N. Thomas

    University of Bern

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86. Stéphane Udry

    University of Geneva

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87. V. Van Grootel

    University of Liège

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88. Nicholas A. Walton

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK