Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin
Ecography, vol. 2022
Abstract
Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well‐drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1‐ha non‐flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community‐weighted wood density mean (CWM‐wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well‐drained soils. CWM‐wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central‐Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures.
Authors 98
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia · National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
Affiliation as printed
Herbario Vargas, Univ. Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco Cuzco Peru
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Instituto de Ecología · Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM
Affiliation as printed
Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Univ. Regional Amazónica Ikiam Tena Ecuador
Inst. de Ecología A.C. Xalapa Mexico
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Universidade de São Paulo · Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
Inst. de Biociências – Dept Ecologia, Univ. de Sao Paulo – USP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
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Field Museum of Natural History · Universidad de Las Américas
Affiliation as printed
Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud‐BIOMAS, Univ. de las Américas Quito Ecuador
Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
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Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi · Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém PA Brazil
Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia – CAPES, Univ. Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém PA Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém PA Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém PA Brazil
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Field Museum of Natural History
Affiliation as printed
Science and Education, The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
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Field Museum of Natural History
Affiliation as printed
Science and Education, The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds Leeds UK
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Affiliation as printed
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds Leeds UK
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá
Affiliation as printed
Depto de Botânica, Inst. de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá – IEPA, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha Amapá Brazil
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Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá
Affiliation as printed
Depto de Botânica, Inst. de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá – IEPA, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha Amapá Brazil
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National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
Affiliation as printed
Herbario Vargas, Univ. Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco Cuzco Peru
Herbario Vargas, Univ. Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
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National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
Affiliation as printed
Herbario Vargas, Univ. Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco Cuzco Peru
Herbario Vargas, Univ. Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns Queensland Australia
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns Queensland Australia
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis Manaus AM Brazil
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis Manaus AM Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa Pasco Peru
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Affiliation as printed
Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa Pasco Peru
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Affiliation as printed
Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa Pasco Peru
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Affiliation as printed
Endangered Species Coalition Silver Spring MD USA
Endangered Species Coalition, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Univ. do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina MT Brazil
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Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Univ. do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina MT Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Agteca‐Amazonica Santa Cruz Bolivia
Agteca-Amazonica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Inst. Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Adrianópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz – IOC/FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Ecosistemas, Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies, Univ. Estatal Amazónica, Puyo Pastaza Ecuador
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Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Affiliation as printed
Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasilia DF Brazil
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Bolivian Forest Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Inst. Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
Inst. Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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Florida Museum of Natural History · University of Florida · James Cook University
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns Queensland Australia
Dept of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ., Cairns, Queensland, Australia
Dept of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia · Bolivian Forest Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis, Manaus AM Brazil
Inst. Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
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Bolivian Forest Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Inst. Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
Inst. Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University
Affiliation as printed
Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Univ. Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
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Affiliation as printed
Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell Univ., Corson Hall Ithaca NY USA
Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC) Iquitos Peru
Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell Univ., Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA
Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Peru
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Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University · Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Affiliation as printed
Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Univ. Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
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Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University · Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Affiliation as printed
Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Univ. Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
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Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University · Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Affiliation as printed
Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Univ. Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Bolivia
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Biologia Vegetal, Univ. Estadual de Campinas, Campinas SP Brazil
Biologia Vegetal, Univ. Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais · Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Affiliation as printed
Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Petrópolis Manaus AM Brazil
Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais, Inst. de Ciências Biológicas, Depto de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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Smithsonian Institution · National Park Service · Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
Affiliation as printed
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst. Washington DC USA
Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service Fredericksburg VA USA
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst., Washington, DC, USA
Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
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Smithsonian Institution · Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
Affiliation as printed
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst. Washington DC USA
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst., Washington, DC, USA
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Smithsonian Institution · Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
Affiliation as printed
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst. Washington DC USA
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Inst., Washington, DC, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Inst. de Biociências – Dept Ecologia, Univ. de Sao Paulo – USP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP Brazil
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Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Affiliation as printed
EMBRAPA – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Boa Vista RR Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Dept of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London UK
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Dept of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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University of Leeds · University of Exeter
Affiliation as printed
Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter Exeter UK
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds Leeds UK
Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter, Exeter, UK
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL Iquitos Loreto Peru
Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
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Affiliation as printed
Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Inst. SINCHI, Bogotá DC Colombia
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Affiliation as printed
Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Inst. SINCHI, Bogotá DC Colombia
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Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ‐Guanare Guanare Portuguesa Venezuela
Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela
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The University of Texas at Austin
Affiliation as printed
Dept of Anthropology, Univ. of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Dept of Anthropology, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Affiliation as printed
Inst. de Ciencias Naturales, Univ. Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC Colombia
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Affiliation as printed
Inst. de Ciencias Naturales, Univ. Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC Colombia
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial Sinop MT Brazil
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial Sinop MT Brazil
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial Sinop MT Brazil
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Affiliation as printed
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial Sinop MT Brazil
ICNHS, Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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University of Leeds · Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
Affiliation as printed
Inst. de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Iquitos Loreto Peru
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds Leeds UK
School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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University of East Anglia · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Dept of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London UK
School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia Norwich UK
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Dept of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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University of Exeter · Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Affiliation as printed
Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter Exeter UK
Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey UK
Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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Universidad Mayor de San Andrés · Missouri Botanical Garden · Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora
Affiliation as printed
Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis MO USA
Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Univ. UMSA, La Paz La Paz Bolivia
Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ‐Guanare Guanare Portuguesa Venezuela
Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL Iquitos Loreto Peru
Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Univ. UMSA, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia
Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela
Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
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Missouri Botanical Garden · Instituto Sinchi
Affiliation as printed
Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis MO USA
Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Inst. SINCHI, Bogotá DC Colombia
Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Univ. Central Quito Pichincha Ecuador
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Affiliation as printed
Dept for Identification&Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey UK
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Affiliation as printed
GeoIS Quito Pichincha Ecuador
GeoIS, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Affiliation as printed
GeoIS Quito Pichincha Ecuador
GeoIS, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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The University of Texas at Austin
Affiliation as printed
Geography and the Environment, Univ. of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Geography and the Environment, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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University of Florida · Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Affiliation as printed
Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales‐COCIBA&Galapagos Inst. for the Arts and Sciences‐GAIAS, Univ. San Francisco de Quito‐USFQ Quito Pichincha Ecuador
Dept of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Univ. de los Andes, Bogotá DC Colombia
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Affiliation as printed
Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona Univ. Flagstaff AZ USA
Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Universidade de São Paulo · Ministry of Agro Industry and Food Security
Affiliation as printed
Inst. de Biociências – Dept Ecologia, Univ. de Sao Paulo – USP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP Brazil
The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro‐Industry and Food Security Reduit Mauritius
The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, Mauritius
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Affiliation as printed
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ. Lancaster Lancashire UK
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ., Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
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Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Affiliation as printed
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém PA Brazil
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University of Oxford · Lancaster University
Affiliation as printed
Environmental Change Inst., Univ. of Oxford Oxford Oxfordshire UK
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ. Lancaster Lancashire UK
Environmental Change Inst., Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ., Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Affiliation as printed
Dept of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
Dept of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Dept of Biology, Aarhus Univ., Aarhus C Aarhus Denmark
Dept of Biology, Aarhus Univ., Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
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Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear
Affiliation as printed
Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL Iquitos Loreto Peru
Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
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University of California, Berkeley
Affiliation as printed
Dept of Integrative Biology, Univ. of California Berkeley CA USA
Dept of Integrative Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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University of Missouri–St. Louis · Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Affiliation as printed
Dept of Biology, Univ. of Missouri, St. Louis MO USA
Facultad de Biologia, Univ. Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Iquitos Loreto Peru
Dept of Biology, Univ. of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
Facultad de Biologia, Univ. Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
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Affiliation as printed
ACEER Foundation, Puerto Maldonado Madre de Dios Peru
ACEER Foundation, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
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Universidade Federal de Rondônia
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG‐Bionorte, Univ. Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho RO Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Rondônia
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG‐Bionorte, Univ. Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho RO Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Rondônia
Affiliation as printed
Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG‐Bionorte, Univ. Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho RO Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Univ. Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Univ. Final Beni Bolivia
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