The GAPS Programme at TNG

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 665, pp. A104

Abstract

Context. The field of exo-atmospheric characterisation is progressing at an extraordinary pace. Atmospheric observations are now available for tens of exoplanets, mainly hot and warm inflated gas giants, and new molecular species continue to be detected, revealing a richer atmospheric composition than previously expected. Thanks to its warm equilibrium temperature (963 ± 18 K) and low density (0.219 ± 0.031 g cm −3 ), the close-in gas giant WASP-69b represents a golden target for atmospheric characterisation. Aims. With the aim of searching for molecules in the atmosphere of WASP-69b and investigating its properties, we performed high-resolution transmission spectroscopy with the GIANO-B near-infrared spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. Methods. We observed three transit events of WASP-69b. During a transit, the planetary lines are Doppler-shifted due to the large change in the planet’s radial velocity, allowing us to separate the planetary signal from the quasi-stationary telluric and stellar spectrum. Results. Considering the three nights together, we report the detection of CH 4 , NH 3 , CO, C 2 H 2 , and H 2 O, at more than a 3.3a- level. We did not identify the presence of HCN or CO 2 with confidence a level higher than 3a. This is the first time that five molecules have been simultaneously detected in the atmosphere of a warm giant planet. These results suggest that the atmosphere of WASP-69b is possibly carbon-rich and characterised by the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

Authors 35

1. G. Guilluy

   University of Geneva · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

   Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

2. P. Giacobbe

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

3. I. Carleo

   Indiana University Bloomington · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · Indiana University · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Astronomy Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, USA

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

4. Patricio E. Cubillos

   Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

   Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria

5. Alessandro Sozzetti

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

6. Aldo Stefano Bonomo

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

7. Matteo Brogi

   University of Warwick · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

   Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

8. Siddharth Gandhi Aachen Leiden Observatory

   Leiden University · University of Warwick · Leiden Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

   Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

   Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

9. L. Fossati

   Austrian Academy of Sciences · Space Research Institute

   Affiliation as printed

   Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria

10. V. Nascimbeni

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

11. D. Turrini

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

12. E. Schisano

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy

13. F. Borsa

    Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy

14. Antonino Francesco Lanza

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy

15. Luigi Mancini

    University of Rome Tor Vergata · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

16. Antonio Maggio

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, P.zza Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy

17. Luca Malavolta

    University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

18. Giuseppina Micela

    University of Padua

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

19. Lorenzo Pino

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

20. Monica Rainer

    Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy

21. A. Bignamini

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

22. R. Claudi

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

23. R. Cosentino

    Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

    Affiliation as printed

    Fundación G. Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla J. A. Fernàndez Pèrez 7, 38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Spain

24. E. Covino

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 Naples, Italy

25. S. Desidera

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

26. A. F. Martínez Fiorenzano

    Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

    Affiliation as printed

    Fundación G. Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla J. A. Fernàndez Pèrez 7, 38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Spain

27. A. Harutyunyan

    Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

    Affiliation as printed

    Fundación G. Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla J. A. Fernàndez Pèrez 7, 38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Spain

28. V. Lorenzi

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

29. C. Knapic

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

30. Emilio Molinari

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius, CA, Italy

31. E. Pacetti

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · Sapienza University of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy

    Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy

32. I. Pagano

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, P.zza Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy

33. M. Pedani

    Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

    Affiliation as printed

    Fundación G. Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla J. A. Fernàndez Pèrez 7, 38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Spain

34. G. Piotto

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

35. Ennio Poretti

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · Telescopio Nazionale Galileo · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Fundación G. Galilei – INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), Rambla J. A. Fernàndez Pèrez 7, 38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Spain

    Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy