The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 643, pp. A4
Abstract
We present dust attenuation properties of spectroscopically confirmed star forming galaxies on the main sequence at a redshift of ∼4.4 − 5.8. Our analyses are based on the far infrared continuum observations of 118 galaxies at rest-frame 158 μ m obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). We study the connection between the ultraviolet (UV) spectral slope ( β ), stellar mass ( M ⋆ ), and infrared excess (IRX = L IR / L UV ). Twenty-three galaxies are individually detected in the continuum at > 3.5 σ significance. We perform a stacking analysis using both detections and nondetections to study the average dust attenuation properties at z ∼ 4.4 − 5.8. The individual detections and stacks show that the IRX– β relation at z ∼ 5 is consistent with a steeper dust attenuation curve than typically found at lower redshifts ( z < 4). The attenuation curve is similar to or even steeper than that of the extinction curve of the Small Magellanic Cloud. This systematic change of the IRX– β relation as a function of redshift suggests an evolution of dust attenuation properties at z > 4. Similarly, we find that our galaxies have lower IRX values, up to 1 dex on average, at a fixed mass compared to previously studied IRX– M ⋆ relations at z ≲ 4, albeit with significant scatter. This implies a lower obscured fraction of star formation than at lower redshifts. Our results suggest that dust properties of UV-selected star forming galaxies at z ≳ 4 are characterised by (i) a steeper attenuation curve than at z ≲ 4, and (ii) a rapidly decreasing dust obscured fraction of star formation as a function of redshift. Nevertheless, even among this UV-selected sample, massive galaxies (log M ⋆ / M ⊙ > 10) at z ∼ 5 − 6 already exhibit an obscured fraction of star formation of ∼45%, indicating a rapid build-up of dust during the epoch of reionization.
Authors 36
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
International Associate, The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Università di Bologna – Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
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California Institute of Technology · University of Copenhagen · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · The University of Tokyo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
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Affiliation as printed
University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy Vicolo Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
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California Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
The Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Juan Cisternas 1200 Norte, La Serena, Chile
Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
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Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
Università di Bologna – Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaĩa 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
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Affiliation as printed
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
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Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France
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University of California, Davis
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
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University of Copenhagen · University of Florida
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
University of Florida Informatics Institute, 432 Newell Drive, CISE Bldg E251, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Università di Bologna – Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Cornell University · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Università di Bologna – Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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