FAUST

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 664, pp. A171

Abstract

Aims. Methanol is a ubiquitous species commonly found in the molecular interstellar medium. It is also a crucial seed species for the build-up of chemical complexity in star forming regions. Thus, understanding how its abundance evolves during the star formation process and whether it enriches the emerging planetary system is of paramount importance. Methods. We used new data from the ALMA Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar protostars) to study the methanol line emission towards the [BHB2007] 11 protobinary system (sources A and B), where a complex structure of filaments connecting the two sources with a larger circumbinary disc has previously been detected. Results. Twelve methanol lines have been detected with upper energies in the [45–537] K range along with one 13CH3OH transition and one methyl formate (CH3OCHO) line blended with one of the methanol transitions. The methanol emission is compact (FWHM ~ 0.5″) and encompasses both protostars, which are separated by only 0.2″ (28 au). In addition, the overall methanol line emission presents three velocity components, which are not spatially resolved by our observations. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the spatial origin of these three components suggests that they are associated with three different spatial regions, with two of them close to 11B and the third one associated with 11A. A radiative transfer analysis of the methanol lines gives a kinetic temperature of [100–140] K, an H2 volume density of 106–107 cm−3 and column density of a few 1018 cm−2 in all three components with a source size of ~0.15″. Thus, this hot and dense gas is highly enriched in methanol with an abundance as high as 10−5. Using previous continuum data, we show that dust opacity can potentially completely absorb the methanol line emission from the two binary objects. Conclusions. Although we cannot firmly exclude other possibilities, we suggest that the detected hot methanol is resulting from the shocked gas from the incoming filaments streaming towards [BHB2007] 11A and B, respectively. Higher spatial resolution observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Authors 64

1. C. Vastel

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

   Affiliation as printed

   IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France

2. F. O. Alves

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

3. Cecilia Ceccarelli

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

   Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

4. Mathilde Bouvier

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

   Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

5. Izaskun Jiménez-Serra

   Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Centro de Astrobiología

   Affiliation as printed

   Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. de Torrejon a Ajalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain

6. Takeshi Sakai

   University of Electro-Communications

   Affiliation as printed

   Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

7. P. Caselli

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

8. Lucy Evans

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

   IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France

9. F. Fontani

   Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

10. Romane Le Gal

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 38406 Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

11. C. J. Chandler

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

12. Brian Svoboda

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

13. Luke T. Maud

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany

14. C. Codella

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

15. Nami Sakai

    RIKEN

    Affiliation as printed

    RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

16. George A. Moellenbrock

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

17. Yuri Aikawa

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

18. Nadia Balucani

    University of Perugia

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, The University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy

19. E. Bianchi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

20. G. Busquet

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain

21. E. Caux

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France

22. Steven B. Charnley

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

23. Nicolás Cuello

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

24. M. De Simone

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

25. F. Dulieu

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, 95000, Cergy, France

26. Aurora Durán

    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autόnoma de México, A.P. 3-72 (Xangari), 8701 Morelia, Mexico

27. D. Fedele

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

28. Siyi Feng

    Xiamen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, Zengcuo’an West Road, Xiamen 361005, PR China

    Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, Zengcuo'an West Road, Xiamen 361005, PR China

29. Logan Francis

    Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · University of Victoria

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada

    NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada

30. Tetsuya Hama

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

31. Tomoyuki Hanawa

    Chiba University

    Affiliation as printed

    Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

32. Eric Herbst

    University of Virginia

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA

33. Tomoya Hirota

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

    Affiliation as printed

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

34. Muneaki Imai

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

35. Andrea Isella

    Rice University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-108, Houston, TX 77005, USA

36. Doug Johnstone

    Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · University of Victoria

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada

    NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada

37. Bertrand Lefloch

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

38. Laurent Loinard

    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autόnoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70-264, Cuidad de México 04510, Mexico

    Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autόnoma de México, A.P. 3-72 (Xangari), 8701 Morelia, Mexico

39. María José Maureira

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

40. Nadia M. Murillo

    RIKEN

    Affiliation as printed

    RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

41. S. Mercimek

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

42. Shoji Mori

    Tohoku University

    Affiliation as printed

    Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan

43. F. Ménard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

44. Anna Miotello

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany

45. Riouhei Nakatani

    RIKEN

    Affiliation as printed

    RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

46. Hideko Nomura

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

    Affiliation as printed

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

47. Yasuhiro Oba

    Hokkaido University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan

48. Satoshi Ohashi

    RIKEN

    Affiliation as printed

    RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

49. Yuki Okoda

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

50. Juan Ospina-Zamudio

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

    Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France

51. Yoko Oya

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

    Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

52. Jaime E. Pineda

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

53. L. Podio

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

54. Albert Rimola

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

55. Dominique Segura Cox

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

56. Yancy L. Shirley

    University of Arizona

    Affiliation as printed

    Steward Observatory, 933 N Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

57. L. Testi

    European Southern Observatory · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy

58. S. Viti Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

59. Naoki Watanabe

    Hokkaido University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan

60. Yoshimasa Watanabe

    Shibaura Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan

61. Ci Xue

    University of Virginia

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA

62. Yichen Zhang

    RIKEN

    Affiliation as printed

    RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

63. Bo Zhao

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

64. Satoshi Yamamoto

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

    Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan