Artificial Intelligence Versus Biological Intelligence: A Historical Overview

Information technology and law series/Information technology & law series, pp. 29–41

Abstract

The discipline of artificial intelligence originally aimed to replicate human-level intelligence in a machine. It could be argued that the best way to replicate the behavior of a system is to emulate the mechanisms producing this behavior. But whether we should try to replicate the human brain or the cognitive faculties to accomplish this is unclear. Early symbol-based AI systems paid little regard to neuroscience and were rather successful. However, since the 1980s, artificial neural networksArtificial neural network have become a powerful AI technique that show remarkable resemblance to what we know about the human brain. In this chapter, we highlight some of the similarities and differences between artificial and human intelligence, the history of their interconnection, what they both excel at, and what the future may hold for artificial general intelligence.

Authors 1

1. Roy de Kleijn corresponding Aachen Cognitive Psychology Unit

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands