Differential and shared genetic effects on kidney function between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
Communications Biology, vol. 5, pp. 580
Abstract
Abstract Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can progress to kidney failure. Risk factors include genetics and diabetes mellitus (DM), but little is known about their interaction. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses for estimated GFR based on serum creatinine (eGFR), separately for individuals with or without DM (n DM = 178,691, n noDM = 1,296,113). Our genome-wide searches identified (i) seven eGFR loci with significant DM/noDM-difference, (ii) four additional novel loci with suggestive difference and (iii) 28 further novel loci (including CUBN ) by allowing for potential difference. GWAS on eGFR among DM individuals identified 2 known and 27 potentially responsible loci for diabetic kidney disease. Gene prioritization highlighted 18 genes that may inform reno-protective drug development. We highlight the existence of DM-only and noDM-only effects, which can inform about the target group, if respective genes are advanced as drug targets. Largely shared effects suggest that most drug interventions to alter eGFR should be effective in DM and noDM.
Authors 100
-
Thomas W. Winkler corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. thomas.winkler@ukr.de
-
University of Oslo · Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
-
Medical University of Białystok · Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · Universität Greifswald · German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
Affiliation as printed
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
-
University Hospital Regensburg · University of Regensburg
Affiliation as printed
Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
-
Vanderbilt University · VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System · Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
-
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
-
Johns Hopkins University · University of Mississippi Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
-
University of Freiburg · University Medical Center Freiburg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
-
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Genetics, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
-
University Medical Center Groningen · University of Groningen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
-
Institute of Biomedical Technologies · National Research Council · Bio4Dreams (Italy)
Affiliation as printed
Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milan, Italy
Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
-
National University of Singapore · National University Health System
Affiliation as printed
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
-
GlaxoSmithKline (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Target Sciences-Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
-
IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
-
University of Freiburg · University Medical Center Freiburg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
-
University Medical Center Groningen · University of Groningen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
-
Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · Universität Greifswald · German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
Affiliation as printed
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
-
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'-CNR, Naples, Italy
-
University of Freiburg · University Medical Center Freiburg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
-
Eurac Research · University of Trento · Institute for Biomedicine
Affiliation as printed
Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
University of Trento, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Trento, Italy
-
University of Regensburg · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
-
MRC Centre for Environment and Health · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
-
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
-
University of Maryland, Baltimore · National Institutes of Health · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Affiliation as printed
Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
-
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
-
National Institutes of Health · National Institute on Aging
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
-
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Iceland · Université de Lille · Institut Pasteur de Lille · European Genomic Institute for Diabetes
Affiliation as printed
CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
-
University Medical Center Groningen · University of Groningen
Affiliation as printed
Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
-
Eurac Research · Institute for Biomedicine
Affiliation as printed
Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
-
University of Graz · Medical University of Graz
Affiliation as printed
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
-
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
-
Eurac Research · Institute for Biomedicine
Affiliation as printed
Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
-
Centre for Human Genetics · University of Liverpool · University of Manchester · University of Oxford
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
-
University Hospital Leipzig · Leipzig University
Affiliation as printed
Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
-
IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
-
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Genetics, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
-
Helmholtz Munich · German Center for Diabetes Research · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Chair of Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
-
University Hospital Leipzig · Leipzig University
Affiliation as printed
Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
-
Centre for Human Genetics · University of Oxford
Affiliation as printed
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
-
Institute of Genetics and Cancer · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
-
Wake Forest University Health Sciences · Wake Forest University
Affiliation as printed
Section on Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Service de Néphrologie et Hypertension, Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
-
German Cancer Research Center · Heidelberg University
Affiliation as printed
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
-
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · St Olav's University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, 7600, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
-
University Hospital Regensburg
Affiliation as printed
Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
-
Heidelberg University · Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim
Affiliation as printed
Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Pneumology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
-
Medical University of Białystok · University Hospital Regensburg
Affiliation as printed
Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Traunstein, Germany
Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
-
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · St Olav's University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
-
University of Dundee · Ninewells Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
-
Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-
Affiliation as printed
Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
-
Wake Forest University Health Sciences · Wake Forest University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
-
Institute of Genetics and Cancer · MRC Human Genetics Unit · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · University of Massachusetts Amherst
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
-
Vanderbilt University · VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System · Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease and Integrated Program for Acute Kidney Injury Research, and Vanderbilt Precision Nephrology Program Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
-
University Medical Center Groningen · University of Groningen
Affiliation as printed
Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
-
Broad Institute · University of Oxford
Affiliation as printed
Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
-
Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Genome Institute of Singapore
Affiliation as printed
Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
-
Singapore National Eye Center · Singapore Eye Research Institute · Duke-NUS Medical School
Affiliation as printed
Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
-
National University of Singapore · National University Health System
Affiliation as printed
Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
-
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
Affiliation as printed
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
-
Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Singapore National Eye Center · Singapore Eye Research Institute · Genome Institute of Singapore
Affiliation as printed
Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
-
National University of Singapore · Singapore National Eye Center · Singapore Eye Research Institute · Duke-NUS Medical School · National University Health System
Affiliation as printed
Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
-
Eurac Research · Institute for Biomedicine
Affiliation as printed
Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
-
Helmholtz Munich · German Center for Diabetes Research
Affiliation as printed
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
-
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clincial Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
-
University of Michigan · Michigan Medicine
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
-
Brigham and Women's Hospital · Harvard University
Affiliation as printed
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
-
deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · University of Iceland
Affiliation as printed
Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
-
Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo · Institute of Genetics and Biophysics
Affiliation as printed
IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'-CNR, Naples, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
San Raffaele Research Institute, Milan, Italy
-
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
Affiliation as printed
Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
-
Institute of Genetics and Cancer · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Center for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
-
GlaxoSmithKline (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Target Sciences-Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
-
Uppsala University · Eurac Research · Institute for Biomedicine
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
-
Dennis O. Mook‐Kanamori Aachen Department of Clinical Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary Care
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
-
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Genetics, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
-
Washington University in St. Louis
Affiliation as printed
Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
-
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
-
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta
Affiliation as printed
Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
-
Hasso Plattner Institute · University of Potsdam · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Affiliation as printed
Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
-
National University of Singapore · Duke-NUS Medical School · National University Health System
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
Duke - NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
-
IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milan, Italy
ePhood Scientific Unit, ePhood SRL, Milano, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Cited by 35 stored of 37
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-11).