Incorporating Texture Information into Dimensionality Reduction for High-Dimensional Images

IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, pp. 11–20

Abstract

High-dimensional imaging is becoming increasingly relevant in many fields from astronomy and cultural heritage to systems biology. Visual exploration of such high-dimensional data is commonly facilitated by dimensionality reduction. However, common dimensionality reduction methods do not include spatial information present in images, such as local texture features, into the construction of low-dimensional embeddings. Consequently, exploration of such data is typically split into a step focusing on the attribute space followed by a step focusing on spatial information, or vice versa. In this paper, we present a method for incorporating spatial neighborhood information into distance-based dimensionality reduction methods, such as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). We achieve this by modifying the distance measure between high-dimensional attribute vectors associated with each pixel such that it takes the pixel's spatial neighborhood into account. Based on a classification of different methods for comparing image patches, we explore a number of different approaches. We compare these approaches from a theoretical and experimental point of view. Finally, we illustrate the value of the proposed methods by qualitative and quantitative evaluation on synthetic data and two real-world use cases.

Authors 5

1. Alexander Vieth

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   TU Delft,The Netherlands

   TU Delft, The Netherlands

2. Anna Vilanova

   Eindhoven University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   TU Eindhoven,The Netherlands

   TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands

3. Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt Aachen

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands

   Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands

4. Elmar Eisemann

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   TU Delft,The Netherlands

   TU Delft, The Netherlands

5. Thomas Höllt

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   TU Delft,The Netherlands

   TU Delft, The Netherlands