A Review on Aging-Aware System Simulation for Plug-In Hybrids

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 8, pp. 1524–1540

Abstract

The lithium-ion battery is a vital powertrain component in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The fuel reduction potential and cost-effectiveness of these vehicles depend on the sizing of the powertrain components and their utilization, which is defined by the energy management system (EMS). The battery is affected by power and capacity reduction over the lifetime of the vehicle, which needs to be considered during the design process to ensure the performance goals throughout the vehicle’s lifetime. Current literature regarding battery aging usually contains experimental results, which are not transformed into a useful aging model for system simulations. Consequently, battery aging is often neglected, which is why this article intends to help researchers understand the degradation process of batteries in PHEVs and consider this in their simulation and dimensioning process. First, PHEV powertrain topologies and components are presented. Afterward, battery degradation mechanisms and recent findings are explained, followed by appropriate modeling approaches for different simulation targets. Finally, current aging-aware EMS literature is systematically reviewed, and the integration of the aging models is analyzed, so researchers in system simulation areas can improve their powertrain models.

Authors 5

1. Tobias Frambach Aachen Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   RWTH Aachen University · Robert Bosch (Germany)

   Affiliation as printed

   Robert Bosch GmbH, Schwieberdingen, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

2. Ralf Liedtke

   Robert Bosch (Germany)

   Affiliation as printed

   Robert Bosch GmbH, Schwieberdingen, Germany

3. Philipp Dechent Aachen Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

   Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, JARA-Energy, Germany

4. Dirk Uwe Sauer Aachen Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA) Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

   Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

   Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, JARA-Energy, Germany

5. Egbert Figgemeier Aachen Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany