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May 01, 2022 article Open access Aachen paper

Interobserver Variability in CT-based Morphologic Tumor Response Assessment of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Radiology Imaging Cancer, vol. 4, pp. e210105

DOI: 10.1148/rycan.210105 Full text (OA) OpenAlex

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate interobserver variability in the morphologic tumor response assessment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) managed with systemic therapy and to assess the relation of morphologic response with gene mutation status, targeted therapy, and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 measurements. Materials and Methods Participants with initially unresectable CRLM receiving different systemic therapy regimens from the randomized, controlled CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) were included in this prospective imaging study. Three radiologists independently assessed morphologic tumor response on baseline and first follow-up CT scans according to previously published criteria. Two additional radiologists evaluated disagreement cases. Interobserver agreement was calculated by using Fleiss κ. On the basis of the majority of individual radiologic assessments, the final morphologic tumor response was determined. Finally, the relation of morphologic tumor response and clinical prognostic parameters was assessed. Results In total, 153 participants (median age, 63 years [IQR, 56–71]; 101 men) with 306 CT scans comprising 2192 CRLM were included. Morphologic assessment performed by the three radiologists yielded 86 (56%) agreement cases and 67 (44%) disagreement cases (including four major disagreement cases). Overall interobserver agreement between the panel radiologists on morphology groups and morphologic response categories was moderate (κ = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.58 and κ = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.60). Optimal morphologic response was particularly observed in patients treated with bevacizumab (P = .001) and in patients with RAS/BRAF mutation (P = .04). No evidence of a relationship between RECIST 1.1 and morphologic response was found (P = .61). Conclusion Morphologic tumor response assessment following systemic therapy in participants with CRLM demonstrated considerable interobserver variability. Keywords: Tumor Response, Observer Performance, CT, Liver, Metastases, Oncology, Abdomen/Gastrointestinal Clinical trial registration no. NCT02162563 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2022

Authors 32

  1. Nina J. Wesdorp

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  2. Ruby Kemna

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  3. Karen Bolhuis

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · University of Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  4. J.H.T.M. van Waesberghe

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  5. Irene M G C Nota

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  6. Femke Struik

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  7. Ikrame Oulad Abdennabi

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  8. Saffire S.K.S. Phoa

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  9. Susan van Dieren

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  10. Martinus Johannes van Amerongen

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  11. T. Chapelle

    Antwerp University Hospital · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

  12. Cornelis H.C. Dejong Aachen Department of Surgery

    Maastricht University Medical Centre · Maastricht University · Universitätsklinikum Aachen · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands

  13. Marc R W Engelbrecht

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  14. Michael F. Gerhards

    OLVG · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  15. Dirk Jan Grünhagen

    Erasmus MC Cancer Institute · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

  16. Thomas M. van Gulik

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  17. John J. Hermans

    Radboud University Nijmegen · Radboud University Medical Center · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

  18. Koert Pieter de Jong

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  19. Joost M. Klaase

    University Medical Center Groningen · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

  20. Mike S.L. Liem

    Medisch Spectrum Twente · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

  21. Krijn P. van Lienden

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  22. I. Quintus Molenaar

    Utrecht University · University Medical Center Utrecht · St. Antonius Ziekenhuis · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands

  23. Gijs A. Patijn

    Isala · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands

  24. Arjen M. Rijken

    Amphia Ziekenhuis · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands

  25. Theo M. Ruers

    The Netherlands Cancer Institute · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  26. Cornelis Kees Verhoef

    Erasmus MC Cancer Institute · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

  27. Johannes H.W. de Wilt

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

  28. Rutger‐Jan Swijnenburg

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  29. Cornelis J.A. Punt

    University Medical Center Utrecht · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · University of Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

    Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  30. Joost Huiskens

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands

  31. Jaap Stoker

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

    Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  32. Geert Kazemier

    Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Cancer Center Amsterdam · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surg

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