Reticular Nanoscience: Bottom-Up Assembly Nanotechnology

Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 144, pp. 7531–7550

Abstract

The chemistry of metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs) is perhaps the most diverse and inclusive among the chemical sciences, and yet it can be radically expanded by blending it with nanotechnology. The result is reticular nanoscience, an area of reticular chemistry that has an immense potential in virtually any technological field. In this perspective, we explore the extension of such an interdisciplinary reach by surveying the explored and unexplored possibilities that framework nanoparticles can offer. We localize these unique nanosized reticular materials at the juncture between the molecular and the macroscopic worlds, and describe the resulting synthetic and analytical chemistry, which is fundamentally different from conventional frameworks. Such differences are mirrored in the properties that reticular nanoparticles exhibit, which we described while referring to the present state-of-the-art and future promising applications in medicine, catalysis, energy-related applications, and sensors. Finally, the bottom-up approach of reticular nanoscience, inspired by nature, is brought to its full extension by introducing the concept of augmented reticular chemistry. Its approach departs from a single-particle scale to reach higher mesoscopic and even macroscopic dimensions, where framework nanoparticles become building units themselves and the resulting supermaterials approach new levels of sophistication of structures and properties.

Authors 13

1. Jacopo Andreo

   University of the Basque Country · Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures

   Affiliation as printed

   Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain

2. Romy L. Ettlinger

   University of St Andrews

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom

3. Orysia T. Zaremba

   University of the Basque Country · Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures

   Affiliation as printed

   Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain

4. Quim Peña Aachen Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany

5. Ulrich Lächelt

   University of Vienna

   Affiliation as printed

   Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria

6. Roberto Fernández de Luis

   University of the Basque Country · Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures

   Affiliation as printed

   Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain

7. Ralph Freund

   University of Augsburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86150, Germany

8. Stefano Canossa

   Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Nanochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany

9. Evelyn Ploetz

   Center for NanoScience · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemisrty and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, 81377, Germany

10. Wei Hua Zhu

    South China University of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China

11. Christian S. Diercks

    Scripps Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    The Scripps Research Institute, SR202, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States

12. Harald Gröger

    Bielefeld University

    Affiliation as printed

    Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany

13. Stefan Wuttke corresponding

    Ikerbasque · University of the Basque Country · Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures

    Affiliation as printed

    Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain

    Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain