Full endoscopic versus open discectomy for sciatica: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
BMJ, vol. 376, pp. e065846
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is non-inferior to conventional open microdiscectomy in reduction of leg pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. DESIGN: Multicentre randomised controlled trial with non-inferiority design. SETTING: Four hospitals in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: 613 patients aged 18-70 years with at least six weeks of radiating leg pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. The trial included a predetermined set of 125 patients receiving PTED who were the learning curve cases performed by surgeons who did not do PTED before the trial. INTERVENTIONS: PTED (n=179) compared with open microdiscectomy (n=309). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was self-reported leg pain measured by a 0-100 visual analogue scale at 12 months, assuming a non-inferiority margin of 5.0. Secondary outcomes included complications, reoperations, self-reported functional status as measured with the Oswestry Disability Index, visual analogue scale for back pain, health related quality of life, and self-perceived recovery. Outcomes were measured until one year after surgery and were longitudinally analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Patients belonging to the PTED learning curve were omitted from the primary analyses. RESULTS: At 12 months, patients who were randomised to PTED had a statistically significantly lower visual analogue scale score for leg pain (median 7.0, interquartile range 1.0-30.0) compared with patients randomised to open microdiscectomy (16.0, 2.0-53.5) (between group difference of 7.1, 95% confidence interval 2.8 to 11.3). Blood loss was less, length of hospital admission was shorter, and timing of postoperative mobilisation was earlier in the PTED group than in the open microdiscectomy group. Secondary patient reported outcomes such as the Oswestry Disability Index, visual analogue scale for back pain, health related quality of life, and self-perceived recovery, were similarly in favour of PTED. Within one year, nine (5%) in the PTED group compared with 14 (6%) in the open microdiscectomy group had repeated surgery. Per protocol analysis and sensitivity analyses including the patients of the learning curve resulted in similar outcomes to the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: PTED was non-inferior to open microdiscectomy in reduction of leg pain. PTED resulted in more favourable results for self-reported leg pain, back pain, functional status, quality of life, and recovery. These differences, however, were small and may not reach clinical relevance. PTED can be considered as an effective alternative to open microdiscectomy in treating sciatica. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02602093ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02602093.
Authors 10
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Erasmus MC · Weill Cornell Medicine
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurological Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
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University Medical Center Groningen · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Biswadjiet Sanjay Harhangi corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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