Risk factors for RhD immunisation in a high coverage prevention programme of antenatal and postnatal RhIg : a nationwide cohort study
BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 129, pp. 1721–1730
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which risk factors for RhD immunisation remain, despite adequate routine antenatal and postnatal RhIg prophylaxis (1000 IU RhIg) and additional administration of RhIg. The second objective was assessment of the current prevalence of RhD immunisations. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Netherlands. POPULATION: Two-year nationwide cohort of alloimmunised RhD-negative women. METHODS: RhD-negative women in their first RhD immunised pregnancy were included for risk factor analysis. We compared risk factors for RhD immunisation, occurring either in the previous non-immunised pregnancy or in the index pregnancy, with national population data derived from the Dutch perinatal registration (Perined). RESULTS: In the 2-year cohort, data from 193 women were eligible for analysis. Significant risk factors in women previously experiencing a pregnancy of an RhD-positive child (n = 113) were: caesarean section (CS) (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6), perinatal death (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-10.9), gestational age >42 weeks (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.2-16.6), postnatal bleeding (>1000 ml) (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6), manual removal of the placenta (MRP) (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.0-9.3); these factors often occurred in combination. The miscarriage rate was significantly higher than in the Dutch population (35% versus 12.-5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Complicated deliveries, including cases of major bleeding and surgical interventions (CS, MRP), must be recognised as a risk factor, requiring estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage volume and adjustment of RhIg dosing. The higher miscarriage rate suggests that existing RhIg protocols need adjustment or better compliance. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Complicated delivery (caesarean section, manual removal placenta, major bleeding) is the most valid risk factor for RhD immunization despite antenatal and postnatal RhIg.
Authors 7
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Yolentha Maria Slootweg corresponding Aachen Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center · Sanquin
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Carolien Zwiers Aachen Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center · Sanquin
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
-
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Immunohaematology Diagnostics Sanquin Diagnostic Services Amsterdam the Netherlands
Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Immunohematology diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
-
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Immunohaematology Diagnostics Sanquin Diagnostic Services Amsterdam the Netherlands
Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Immunohematology diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dick Oepkes Aachen Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Inge L. van Kamp Aachen Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Masja de Haas Aachen Department of Haematology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center · Sanquin
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Haematology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
Department of Immunohaematology Diagnostics Sanquin Diagnostic Services Amsterdam the Netherlands
Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Immunohematology diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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