Rare SLC13A1 variants associate with intervertebral disc disorder highlighting role of sulfate in disc pathology
Nature Communications, vol. 13, pp. 634
Abstract
Abstract Back pain is a common and debilitating disorder with largely unknown underlying biology. Here we report a genome-wide association study of back pain using diagnoses assigned in clinical practice; dorsalgia (119,100 cases, 909,847 controls) and intervertebral disc disorder (IDD) (58,854 cases, 922,958 controls). We identify 41 variants at 33 loci. The most significant association (OR IDD = 0.92, P = 1.6 × 10 −39 ; OR dorsalgia = 0.92, P = 7.2 × 10 −15 ) is with a 3’UTR variant (rs1871452-T) in CHST3 , encoding a sulfotransferase enzyme expressed in intervertebral discs. The largest effects on IDD are conferred by rare (MAF = 0.07 − 0.32%) loss-of-function (LoF) variants in SLC13A1 , encoding a sodium-sulfate co-transporter (LoF burden OR = 1.44, P = 3.1 × 10 −11 ); variants that also associate with reduced serum sulfate. Genes implicated by this study are involved in cartilage and bone biology, as well as neurological and inflammatory processes.
Authors 92
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Gyða Björnsdóttir corresponding
Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. gyda.bjornsdottir@decode.is
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · University of Iceland
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · University of Iceland
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · University of Iceland · National University Hospital of Iceland
Affiliation as printed
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · Zealand University Hospital Køge
Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · Glostrup Hospital · Rigshospitalet
Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Danish Headache Center, Dept. Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Zealand University Hospital Køge
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Novo Nordisk Foundation · Glostrup Hospital · Rigshospitalet
Affiliation as printed
Danish Headache Center, Dept. Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Mental Health Services · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lundbeck Foundation for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · University of Southern Denmark · Novo Nordisk Foundation
Affiliation as printed
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Næstved, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAG ROAD-Research OsteoArthritis Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Southern Denmark · Aarhus University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Næstved, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Aalborg University Hospital · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Copenhagen Business School · Aalborg University Hospital
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Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Finance, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aarhus University Hospital · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Statens Serum Institut · Aalborg University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Aarhus University · Glostrup Hospital · Rigshospitalet
Affiliation as printed
Danish Headache Center, Dept. Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Odense University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Aalborg University Hospital · Aarhus University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Aarhus University · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Odense University Hospital · Copenhagen University Hospital
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Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aarhus University Hospital · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Copenhagen University Hospital · Zealand University Hospital Køge
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Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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University of Copenhagen · Copenhagen University Hospital · Helmholtz Munich
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Copenhagen University Hospital · Helmholtz Munich
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · University of Iceland · Helmholtz Munich
Affiliation as printed
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · Helmholtz Munich
Affiliation as printed
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Erasmus MC · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Erasmus MC · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Erasmus MC · Zealand University Hospital Køge
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · Helmholtz Munich
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Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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deCODE Genetics (Iceland) · Helmholtz Munich
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
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Helmholtz Munich · National University Hospital of Iceland
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Helmholtz Munich · Akureyri Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
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Helmholtz Munich · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Erasmus MC · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Erasmus MC · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Erasmus MC · RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
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Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Leiden University Medical Center · National University Hospital of Iceland
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Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center · Akureyri Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center · University of Tartu
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University Medical Center · RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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University of Nottingham · RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
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Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
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King's College London · RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
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Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
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University of Thessaly · Leiden University Medical Center
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Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida Aachen Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Section Molecular Epidemiology
Leiden University Medical Center
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Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
4th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece
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Leiden University Medical Center · KAT General Hospital of Attica
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Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
1st Department of Orthopaedics, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
2nd Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Nea Ionia General Hospital 'Konstantopouleio', Athens, Greece
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Leiden University Medical Center · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Leiden University Medical Center · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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University of Nottingham · University of Hong Kong
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Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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King's College London · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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University of Thessaly · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation as printed
4th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Brigham and Women's Hospital · KAT General Hospital of Attica
Affiliation as printed
1st Department of Orthopaedics, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
2nd Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Nea Ionia General Hospital ‘Konstantopouleio’, Athens, Greece
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Harvard University · Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Brigham and Women's Hospital · Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Geisinger Health System
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Geisinger Health System
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
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Geisinger Medical Center · Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Geisinger Health System
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Southmead Hospital · University of Bristol
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
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University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit · Geisinger Health System
Affiliation as printed
Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
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Geisinger Health System · University of Sheffield
Affiliation as printed
Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
Department of Oncology and Metabolism and Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Geisinger Medical Center · Helmholtz Munich · Geisinger Health System
Affiliation as printed
Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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University of Manchester · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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