Towards Multi-Analyte Detection with Field-Effect Capacitors Modified with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Bioparticles as Enzyme Nanocarriers

Biosensors, vol. 12, pp. 43

Abstract

Utilizing an appropriate enzyme immobilization strategy is crucial for designing enzyme-based biosensors. Plant virus-like particles represent ideal nanoscaffolds for an extremely dense and precise immobilization of enzymes, due to their regular shape, high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of surface binding sites. In the present work, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles were applied for the co-immobilization of penicillinase and urease onto the gate surface of a field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor (EISCAP) with a p-Si-SiO2-Ta2O5 layer structure for the sequential detection of penicillin and urea. The TMV-assisted bi-enzyme EISCAP biosensor exhibited a high urea and penicillin sensitivity of 54 and 85 mV/dec, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.1–3 mM. For comparison, the characteristics of single-enzyme EISCAP biosensors modified with TMV particles immobilized with either penicillinase or urease were also investigated. The surface morphology of the TMV-modified Ta2O5-gate was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the bi-enzyme EISCAP was applied to mimic an XOR (Exclusive OR) enzyme logic gate.

Authors 6

1. Arshak Poghossian
   Affiliation as printed

   MicroNanoBio, 40479 Düsseldorf, Germany

2. Farnoosh Vahidpour Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB)

   FH Aachen

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany

3. Tim Wendlandt

   University of Stuttgart

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

4. Michael Keusgen

   Philipps University of Marburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany

5. Christina Wege

   University of Stuttgart

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

6. Michael Josef Schöning corresponding Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB)

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · FH Aachen

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany

   Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany