2022 roadmap on 3D printing for energy
Journal of Physics Energy, vol. 4, pp. 011501
Abstract
Abstract The energy transition is one of the main challenges of our society and therefore a major driver for the scientific community. To ensure a smart transition to a sustainable future energy scenario different technologies such as energy harvesting using solar cells or windmills and chemical storage in batteries, super-capacitors or hydrogen have to be developed and ultimately deployed. New fabrication approaches based on additive manufacturing and the digitalization of the industrial processes increase the potential to achieve highly efficient and smart technologies required to increase the competitiveness of clean energy technologies against fossil fuels. In this frame, the present roadmap highlights the tremendous potential of 3D printing as a new route to fully automate the manufacturing of energy devices designed as digital files. This article gives numerous guidelines to maximize the performance and efficiency of the next generation of 3D printed devices for the energy transition while reducing the waste of critical raw materials. In particular, the paper is focused on the current status, present challenges and the expected and required advances of 3D printing for the fabrication of the most relevant energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolysers, batteries, solar cells, super-capacitors, thermoelectric generators, chemical reactors and turbomachinery.
Authors 30
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Albert Tarancón corresponding
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), St. Adrià del Besòs, Spain
ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), St. Adrià del Besòs, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
CIMAINA and Physics Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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University of Oxford · The Faraday Institution
Affiliation as printed
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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University of Oxford · The Faraday Institution
Affiliation as printed
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 52074, Germany
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 52074, Germany
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 52074, Germany
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 52074, Germany
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 52074, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Flanders 3000, Belgium
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Flanders 3000, Belgium
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Flanders 3000, Belgium
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Flanders 3000, Belgium
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Zhejiang University · Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation as printed
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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Affiliation as printed
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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Affiliation as printed
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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Affiliation as printed
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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Affiliation as printed
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Bld. 403, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Bld. 403, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Bld. 403, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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