Mass transfer into the leading edge of the mantle wedge: Initial results from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of research on core from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B and the surrounding area, plus new data and calculations, constraining processes in the Tethyan subduction zone beneath the Samail ophiolite. The area is underlain by gently dipping, broadly folded layers of allochthonous Hawasina pelagic sediments, the metamorphic sole of the Samail ophiolite, and Banded Unit peridotites at the base of the Samail mantle section. Despite reactivation of some faults during uplift of the Jebel Akdar and Saih Hatat domes, the area preserves the tectonic “stratigraphy” of the Cretaceous subduction zone. Gently dipping listvenite bands, parallel to peridotite banding and to contacts between the peridotite and the metamorphic sole, replace peridotite at and near the basal thrust. Listvenites formed at less than 200°C and (poorly constrained) depths of 25 to 40 km by reaction with CO 2 -rich, aqueous fluids migrating from greater depths, derived from devolatilization of subducting sediments analogous to clastic sediments in the Hawasina Formation, at 400-500°. Such processes could form important reservoirs for subducted CO 2 . Listvenite formation was accompanied by ductile deformation of serpentinites and listvenites – perhaps facilitated by fluid-rock reaction – in a process that could lead to aseismic subduction in some regions. Addition of H 2 O and CO 2 to the mantle wedge, forming serpentinites and listvenites, caused large increases in the solid mass and volume of the rocks. This may have been accommodated by fractures formed as a result of volume changes, perhaps mainly at a serpentinization front.
Authors 23
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P. B. Kelemen corresponding
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Columbia University
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University of Calgary
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Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
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Universite de Montpellier
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Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
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Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
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McGill University
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University of California, Los Angeles
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University of California Los Angeles
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University of Colorado
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Manuel D. Menzel Aachen
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RWTH Aachen University
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Janos Lajos Urai Aachen
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RWTH Aachen University
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Brown University
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University of California, Santa Barbara
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University of California, Santa Barbara
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The University of Texas at Austin
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University of Texas at Austin
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University of Montpellier
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University of Bergen
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National Oceanography Centre
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Alara Resources Ltd
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University of Southampton
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National Oceanography Centre Southampton
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Nagoya University
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Niigata University
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Oman Water Society
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Affiliation as printed
University of Plymouth
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