A

Planck 2018 results

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 652, pp. C4

Abstract

In the original version, the bounds given in Eqs. (87a) and (87b) on the contribution to the early-time optical depth, (15,30), contained a numerical error in deriving the 95th percentile from the Monte Carlo samples. The corrected 95% upper bounds are: τ(15,30) < 0:018 (lowE, flat τ(15, 30), FlexKnot), (1) τ(15, 30) < 0:023 (lowE, flat knot, FlexKnot): (2) These bounds are a factor of 3 larger than the originally reported results. Consequently, the new bounds do not significantly improve upon previous results from Planck data presented in Millea & Bouchet (2018) as was stated, but are instead comparable. Equations (1) and (2) give results that are now similar to those of Heinrich & Hu (2021), who used the same Planck 2018 data to derive a 95% upper bound of 0.020 using the principal component analysis (PCA) model and uniform priors on the PCA mode amplitudes.

Authors 96

  1. Université Paris-Sud · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

  2. Leiden University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Oslo · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · École Normale Supérieure - PSL

    Affiliation as printed

    Département de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9506 Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

  3. University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  4. Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

  5. Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati

    Affiliation as printed

    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

  6. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · University of the Western Cape · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

  7. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

    Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

  8. Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

  9. University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

  10. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India

  11. University of Manchester

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    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

  12. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  13. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

    Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

  14. University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy

    INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy

  15. Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · National Centre for Nuclear Research

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    National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

  16. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

  17. University of Toronto · Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics

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    CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

  18. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · Space Sciences Laboratory · University of California, Berkeley

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    Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

  19. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  20. Université Paris-Sud · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Université Paris-Saclay · Observatoire de Paris · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  21. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot · University of KwaZulu-Natal

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    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

    Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa

  22. University of Ferrara · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

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    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

  23. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

  24. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  25. University of Sussex

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

  26. University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  27. Princeton University · University of KwaZulu-Natal

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa

    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

  28. University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

  29. University of Milan

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    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy

  30. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France

  31. University of British Columbia

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    Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

  32. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

  33. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

  34. Sapienza University of Rome

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    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy

  35. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy

  36. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Ifremer · Laboratory for Ocean Physics and Satellite Remote Sensing · Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, France

    Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, France

  37. University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

  38. Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

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    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

  39. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

  40. Université Paris-Sud · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

  41. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · The University of Tokyo

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    Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277- 8583, Japan

  42. European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

  43. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

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    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

  44. University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  45. Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

  46. Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

  47. University of Oslo

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    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

  48. African Institute for Mathematical Sciences · Stellenbosch University

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    African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa

    Department of Mathematics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa

  49. Shahid Beheshti University

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    Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran 19839, Iran

  50. University of Cambridge

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    Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK

  51. Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

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    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

  52. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

  53. University of Ferrara · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

  54. Trieste Astronomical Observatory

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

  55. Princeton University

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    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

  56. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

  57. Trieste Astronomical Observatory

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

  58. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

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    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  59. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot

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    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

  60. Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

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    Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

  61. Argonne National Laboratory

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    HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA

  62. California Institute of Technology · National Institute of Science Education and Research

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    Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

    School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, 752050 Odissa, India

  63. Universidad de Oviedo

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    Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, Spain

  64. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory · University of Warsaw

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    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

  65. University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  66. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

  67. Stockholm University · Princeton University · AlbaNova

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    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

  68. UNSW Sydney

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    School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

  69. University of Cambridge

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    Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  70. University of Oslo

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    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

  71. Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

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    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

  72. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

  73. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

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    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

  74. Sun Yat-sen University

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    School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR China

  75. Imperial College London

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    Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK

  76. Princeton University

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    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

  77. University of Oslo

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    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

  78. University of Helsinki

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  79. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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    Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

  80. University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

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    Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  81. Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

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    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

  82. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

  83. University of California, Davis

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    Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA

  84. Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati

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    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

  85. Université Paris-Sud · University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · African Institute for Mathematical Sciences · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

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    African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa

    Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, France

  86. University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

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    Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  87. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France

  88. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France

  89. University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  90. University of Ferrara · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

  91. California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA

  92. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

  93. University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

  94. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France

  95. University of Sussex

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

  96. University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

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