Simulation and sensitivities for a phased IceCube-Gen2 deployment

Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory opened the window on high-energy neutrino astronomy by confirming the existence of PeV astrophysical neutrinos and identifying the first compelling astrophysical neutrino source in the blazar TXS0506+056. Planning is underway to build an enlarged detector, IceCube-Gen2, which will extend measurements to higher energies, increase the rate of observed cosmic neutrinos and provide improved prospects for detecting fainter sources. IceCube-Gen2 is planned to have an extended in-ice optical array, a radio array at shallower depths for detecting ultra-high-energy (>100 PeV) neutrinos, and a surface component studying cosmic rays. In this contribution, we will discuss the simulation of the in-ice optical component of the baseline design of the IceCube-Gen2 detector, which foresees the deployment of an additional ∼120 new detection strings to the existing 86 in IceCube over ∼7 Antarctic summer seasons. Motivated by the phased construction plan for IceCube-Gen2, we discuss how the reconstruction capabilities and sensitivities of the instrument are expected to progress throughout its deployment.

Authors 92

1. Brian A. Clark

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

2. Rasha Abbasi

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

3. M. Ackermann

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

4. Jenni Adams

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

5. Juanan Aguilar

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

6. M. Ahlers

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

7. Maryon Ahrens

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

8. Cyril Martin Alispach

   University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

9. P. Allison
10. Antonio Augusto Alves Junior
11. Najia Moureen Binte Amin
12. Rui An

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

13. K. Andeen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

14. Tyler Anderson

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

15. G. Anton

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

16. Carlos A. Argüelles

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

17. T. C. Arlen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

18. Yosuke Ashida

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

19. Spencer Axani

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

20. X. Bai
21. Anastasia Maria Barbano

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

22. I. Bartos

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

23. S. W. Barwick

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

24. Benjamin Bastian

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

25. Vedant Basu

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

26. S. Baur

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

27. R. C. Bay

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

28. J. J. Beatty

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

29. Karl Heinz Becker

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

30. Chiara Bellenghi

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

31. S. BenZvi

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

32. David Berley

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

33. E. Bernardini

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

34. Dominique Besson

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

35. G. Binder

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

36. D. Bindig

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

37. Abigail Bishop

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

38. E. Blaufuss

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

39. Summer Blot Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Michigan State University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

40. Matthias Boddenberg

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

41. M. Böhmer

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

42. Federico Bontempo Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Michigan State University · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

43. Jürgen Borowka

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

44. S. Böser

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

45. O. Botner
46. Etienne Bourbeau

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

47. Federica Bradascio

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

48. S. Bron

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

49. Jannes Brostean-Kaiser

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

50. Sally-Ann Browne

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

51. A. Burgman

    The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia

52. Ryan T. Burley

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

53. Raffaela Busse

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

54. Erin Carnie-Bronca

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

55. Maddalena Cataldo

    Georgia Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

56. Chujie Chen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

57. D. Chirkin

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

58. Koun Choi

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

59. Kenneth Clark

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

60. Rogan Clark

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

61. Lew Classen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

62. Alan Coleman

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

63. Gabriel Collin

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

64. A. Connolly

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

65. Janet M. Conrad

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

66. Paul Coppin

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

67. Pablo Correa

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

68. D. F. Cowen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

69. R. Cross

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

70. Christian Dappen

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

71. Pranav Dave

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

72. Cosmin Deaconu

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

73. Catherine DE CLERCQ

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

74. Simon De Kockere

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

75. James DeLaunay

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

76. H.-P. Dembinski

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

77. Kunal Deoskar

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

78. Sam De Ridder

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

79. Abhishek Desai

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

80. P. Desiati

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

81. Meike De With

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

82. T. DeYoung

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

83. Sukeerthi Dharani

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

84. Alejandro Díaz

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

85. Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

86. Markus Dittmer

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

87. Hrvoje Dujmović

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

88. M. Dunkman

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

89. M. A. DuVernois

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

90. Emily Dvorak

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

91. Thomas Ehrhardt

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

92. P. Eller

    University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA