The SkyLLH framework for IceCube point-source search

International Cosmic Ray Conference, pp. 1073

Abstract

Hypothesis tests based on unbinned log-likelihood (LLH) functions are a common technique used in multi-messenger astronomy, including IceCube's neutrino point-source searches. We present the general Python-based tool "SkyLLH", which provides a modular framework for implementing and executing log-likelihood functions to perform data analyses with multi-messenger astronomy data. Specific SkyLLH framework features for a new and improved time-integrated IceCube point-source analysis are highlighted, including the support for kernel density estimation (KDE) based probability density functions. In addition, the support for a variety of point-source analysis types, such as stacked and time-variable searches, will be presented.

Authors 99

1. Tomas Kontrimas corresponding Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

   Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

   Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

   III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

   Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany

2. Rasha Abbasi

   Loyola University Chicago

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA

3. Markus Ackermann

   Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

4. Jenni Adams

   University of Canterbury

   Affiliation as printed

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

5. Juanan Aguilar

   Université Libre de Bruxelles

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Libre de Bruxelles , Science Faculty CP230 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

   Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

6. M. Ahlers

   University of Copenhagen

   Affiliation as printed

   Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

7. Maryon Ahrens

   Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

   Affiliation as printed

   CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

   Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

   Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

   Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

8. Cyril Martin Alispach

   University of Geneva

   Affiliation as printed

   Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland

9. Antonio Augusto Alves Junior
10. Najia Moureen Binte Amin
11. Rui An

    Harvard University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA

12. K. Andeen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

13. Tyler B. Anderson

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

14. G. Anton

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

15. Carlos A. Argüelles

    Harvard University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA

    Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

16. Yosuke Ashida

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

17. Spencer Axani

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA

    Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

18. X. Bai

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

19. Aswathi Balagopal V
20. Anastasia Maria Barbano

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland

21. S. W. Barwick

    University of California, Irvine

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

22. Benjamin Bastian

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

23. Vedant Basu

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

24. S. Baur

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles , Science Faculty CP230 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

25. R. C. Bay

    University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

26. J. J. Beatty

    The Ohio State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

27. K.-H. Becker

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

28. Julia Becker Tjus

    Ruhr University Bochum

    Affiliation as printed

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum , Germany

    Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

29. Chiara Bellenghi

    Technical University of Munich

    Affiliation as printed

    Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany

30. S. BenZvi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

31. David Berley

    University of Maryland, College Park

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

32. E. Bernardini

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

33. Dominique Besson

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

34. G. Binder

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

35. D. Bindig

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

36. E. Blaufuss

    University of Maryland, College Park

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

37. Summer Blot

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

38. Matthias Boddenberg Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany

39. Federico Bontempo

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,

40. Jurgen Borowka Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

    III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

    Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany

41. S. Böser

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

42. O. Botner

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

43. Jakob Boettcher
44. Etienne Bourbeau

    University of Copenhagen

    Affiliation as printed

    Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

45. Federica Bradascio

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

46. J. Braun

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

47. Stephanie Bron

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland

48. Jannes Brostean-Kaiser

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

49. Sally-Ann Browne

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

50. A. Burgman

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

51. Ryan T. Burley

    The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , 5005 , Australia

    Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia

52. Raffaela Busse

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

53. Michael Campana

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

54. Erin Carnie-Bronca

    The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , 5005 , Australia

    Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia

55. Chujie Chen

    Georgia Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA 30332 , USA

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

56. D. Chirkin

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

57. Koun Choi

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

58. Brian A. Clark

    Michigan State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

59. Lew Classen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

60. Alan Coleman

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

61. Gabriel Collin

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA

    Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

62. Janet M. Conrad

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

63. Paul Coppin

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Dienst ELEM , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

64. Pablo Correa

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Dienst ELEM , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

65. D. F. Cowen

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

66. R. Cross

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

67. Christian Dappen Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

68. Pranav Dave

    Georgia Institute of Technology · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA 30332 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

69. Catherine DE CLERCQ

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Dienst ELEM , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

70. James DeLaunay

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

71. H.-P. Dembinski

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

72. Kunal Deoskar

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

73. Sam De Ridder

    Ghent University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

74. Abhishek Desai

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

75. P. Desiati

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

76. Krijn de Vries

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Dienst ELEM , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

77. G. de Wasseige

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel · Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Dienst ELEM , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

78. Meike De With

    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Physik , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , D-12489 Berlin , Germany

    Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

79. T. DeYoung

    Michigan State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

80. Sukeerthi Dharani Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

81. Alejandro Díaz

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

82. Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

83. Markus Dittmer

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

84. Hrvoje Dujmović

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,

85. M. Dunkman

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

86. M. A. DuVernois

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

87. Emily Dvorak

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

88. Thomas Ehrhardt

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

89. P. Eller

    Technical University of Munich

    Affiliation as printed

    Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany

90. Robert Engel

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

91. Hannah Erpenbeck Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · Technical University of Munich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    III. Physikalisches Institut , RWTH Aachen University , D-52056 Aachen , Germany

    Physik-department , Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching , Germany

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

92. John Evans

    University of Maryland, College Park

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

93. P.A. Evenson

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

94. Kwok Lung Fan

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

95. Ali R. Fazely

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , Southern University , Baton Rouge , LA 70813 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

96. Sebastian Fiedlschuster

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

97. Aaron T. Fienberg

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

98. Kirill Filimonov

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University · University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Dept. of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

99. Chad Finley

    Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · University of Alaska Anchorage · The University of Texas at Arlington · Clark Atlanta University

    Affiliation as printed

    CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA

    Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

    Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

    Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA