Adapting Santiago Method to Determine Appropriate and Resource Efficient Sanitation Systems for an Urban Settlement in Lima Peru

Water, vol. 13, pp. 1197

Abstract

The pre-selection of locally appropriate sanitation technologies and systems is crucial for strategic sanitation planning as any decision is only as good as the options presented. One approach that allows us to systematically consider the local conditions and a diverse range of conventional and novel technologies and systems is the Santiago method. In this paper, we discuss whether the Santiago method can be applied to the case of Latin America and what we would gain from this application. We do so by expanding the Santiago technology library with technologies that have been shown to be promising in metropolitan areas of Latin America, such as condominial sewer, container-based sanitation, and activated sludge. We then apply Santiago to the semi-informal settlement Quebrada Verde (QV) in Lima, Peru. Using Santiago, we were able to generate 265,185 sanitation system options from 42 technologies and 18 appropriateness criteria. A set of 17 appropriate and divers are then selected. The diversity is defined by 17 system templates. To further evaluate these 17 systems, resource recovery and loss potentials are quantified. Higher nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and total solids recovery are observed for systems that combine urine diversion and biofuel production. The case of QV shows that the Santiago method is applicable in the Latin American context.

Authors 3

1. Ainul Firdatun Nisaa

   University of Stuttgart · Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

   Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

2. Manuel Krauß corresponding Aachen Research Institute for Water and Waste Management at

   RWTH Aachen University · University of Stuttgart

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

   Research Institute for Water and Waste Management at the RWTH Aachen University (FiW) e. V., 52072 Aachen, Germany

3. Dorothee Spuhler

   Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland