Simulating MADMAX in 3D: requirements for dielectric axion haloscopes

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2021, pp. 034

Abstract

We present 3D calculations for dielectric haloscopes such as the currently envisioned MADMAX experiment. For ideal systems with perfectly flat, parallel and isotropic dielectric disks of finite diameter, we find that a geometrical form factor reduces the emitted power by up to 30 % compared to earlier 1D calculations. We derive the emitted beam shape, which is important for antenna design. We show that realistic dark matter axion velocities of 10 -3 c and inhomogeneities of the external magnetic field at the scale of 10 % have negligible impact on the sensitivity of MADMAX. We investigate design requirements for which the emitted power changes by less than 20 % for a benchmark boost factor with a bandwidth of 50 MHz at 22 GHz, corresponding to an axion mass of 90 μ eV. We find that the maximum allowed disk tilt is 100 μ m divided by the disk diameter, the required disk planarity is 20 μ m (min-to-max) or better, and the maximum allowed surface roughness is 100 μ m (min-to-max). We show how using tiled dielectric disks glued together from multiple smaller patches can affect the beam shape and antenna coupling.

Authors 40

1. S. Knirck

   Max Planck Institute for Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

2. Jan Schütte-Engel

   Universität Hamburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

3. S. Beurthey

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

4. D. Breitmoser

   Universität Hamburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

5. Allen Christopher Caldwell

   Max Planck Institute for Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

6. CRISTINEL DIACONU

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

7. Johannes Diehl

   Max Planck Institute for Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

8. J. Egge

   Universität Hamburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

9. Martina Esposito

   Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Néel

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Neel, 38000 Grenoble, France

10. A. Gardikiotis

    Universität Hamburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

11. E. Garutti

    Universität Hamburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

12. S. Heyminck

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, 53121 Bonn, Germany

13. Fabrice Hubaut

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

14. Josef Jochum

    University of Tübingen

    Affiliation as printed

    Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany

15. Pierre Karst

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

16. M. Krämer

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, 53121 Bonn, Germany

17. C. Krieger

    Universität Hamburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

18. Damien Labat

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

19. C. Lee

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

20. X. Li

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

21. Axel Lindner

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

22. B. Majorovits

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

23. M. Matysek

    Universität Hamburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

24. E. Öz Aachen

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany

25. Luca Planat

    Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Néel

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Neel, 38000 Grenoble, France

26. P. Pralavorio

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

27. Georg G. Raffelt

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

28. Arpit Ranadive

    Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Néel

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Neel, 38000 Grenoble, France

29. Javier Redondo

    Universidad de Zaragoza

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

30. O. Reimann

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

31. Andreas Ringwald

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

32. Nicolas Roch

    Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Néel

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Neel, 38000 Grenoble, France

33. J. Schaffran

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

34. Axel Schmidt Aachen

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany

35. L. Shtembari

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

36. Frank Daniel Steffen

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

37. Christian Strandhagen

    University of Tübingen

    Affiliation as printed

    Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany

38. D. Strom

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany

39. I. Usherov

    University of Tübingen

    Affiliation as printed

    Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany

40. G. Wieching

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, 53121 Bonn, Germany

    MADMAX collaboration