Defining Seclusion: A Qualitative Multiphase Study Based on the Perspectives of Youth and Professionals in Secure Residential Youth Care in the Netherlands
Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, vol. 38, pp. 404–423
Abstract
Using seclusion in youth mental health care is controversial, as it can have physical and psychological consequences for youth and professionals. Notably, there is a wide disparity in how seclusion is defined in literature and practice. This leads to a diffuse image of what seclusion comprises, complicates measuring its prevalence, and hampers initiatives to reduce its use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an unambiguous and measurable definition of seclusion supported by youth and professionals in secure residential youth care in the Netherlands. A qualitative multiphase approach was used to examine which elements of the definition are essential and receive consensus among youth and professionals. After a brief literature review, a Delphi survey and focus groups were performed. In total, 11 (ex-)clients and 33 professionals with extensive experience in secure residential youth care participated. Youth and professionals arrived at the following definition: “an involuntary placement in a room or area the client is not allowed or able to leave”. During the implementation process, observations showed broad support for the definition by youth and professionals. With this, a foundation has been provided to monitor and reduce the use of seclusion in secure residential youth care in the Netherlands.
Authors 4
-
Melissa van Dorp corresponding
Pluryn · Amsterdam University Medical Centers
Affiliation as printed
Academic Workplace for At-risk Youth (AWRJ), Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-
Radboud University Nijmegen · Pluryn
Affiliation as printed
Academic Workplace for At-risk Youth (AWRJ), Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
-
Leiden University Medical Center · Pluryn · Amsterdam University Medical Centers
Affiliation as printed
Academic Workplace for At-risk Youth (AWRJ), Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
-
Pluryn · Amsterdam University Medical Centers
Affiliation as printed
Academic Workplace for At-risk Youth (AWRJ), Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cited by 22 stored of 27
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-11).