A

Design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system for data acquisition

Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 16, pp. T07008

Abstract

Abstract The Auger Muon Infill Ground Array (AMIGA) is part of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory. It consists of particle counters buried 2.3 m underground next to the water-Cherenkov stations that form the 23.5 km2 large infilled array. The reduced distance between detectors in this denser area allows the lowering of the energy threshold for primary cosmic ray reconstruction down to about 1017 eV. At the depth of 2.3 m the electromagnetic component of cosmic ray showers is almost entirely absorbed so that the buried scintillators provide an independent and direct measurement of the air showers muon content. This work describes the design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system, which provides centralized control, data acquisition and environment monitoring to its detectors. The presented system was firstly tested in the engineering array phase ended in 2017, and lately selected as the final design to be installed in all new detectors of the production phase. The system was proven to be robust and reliable and has worked in a stable manner since its first deployment.

Authors 100

  1. Radboud University Nijmegen

    Affiliation as printed

    IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  2. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy

  4. The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

  5. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

  6. National Technological University · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Universidad Tecnológica Nacional — Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

  7. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

  8. Radboud University Nijmegen

    Affiliation as printed

    IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  9. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy

  10. Lehman College · City University of New York

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, U.S.A

  11. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  12. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  13. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

  14. RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

  15. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México

  16. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  17. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  18. Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina

  19. Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București

    Affiliation as printed

    University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

  20. FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  21. Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering

    Affiliation as printed

    “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania

    "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania

  22. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

    INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy

  23. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  24. University of Wuppertal

    Affiliation as printed

    Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany

  25. Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa · The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru

    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

  26. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France

  27. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy

  28. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

  29. Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany

  30. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of Rosario · Institute of Physics Rosario

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) — CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina

  31. RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

  32. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

  33. FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  34. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France

  35. FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  36. University of L'Aquila · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy

    Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy

  37. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

  38. Universidade de São Paulo

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

  39. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland

  40. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  41. Colorado State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A

  42. RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

  43. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  44. RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

  45. University of Siegen

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Siegen, Department Physik — Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany

  46. Universidad de Granada

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain

  47. Vrije Universiteit Brussel

    Affiliation as printed

    Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

  48. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

  49. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México

  50. University of Milan · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy

  51. Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  52. University of Wuppertal

    Affiliation as printed

    Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany

  53. Universidad de Granada

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain

  54. University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

    Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy

  55. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy

  56. Universidade de São Paulo

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil

  57. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

  58. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  59. Pierre Auger Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina

  60. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  61. Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

  62. FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  63. Palacký University Olomouc

    Affiliation as printed

    Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic

  64. The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

  65. National Technological University · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional — Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina

  66. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

    Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Napoli, Italy

    Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy

  67. University of Delaware

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, U.S.A

  68. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

  69. University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal

  70. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

    INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy

  71. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · Politecnico di Milano

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali , Milano, Italy

  72. Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina

  73. University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy

  74. Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

  75. Case Western Reserve University

    Affiliation as printed

    Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A

  76. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Universidad de Buenos Aires · Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  77. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany

  78. The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

  79. The University of Adelaide

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

  80. Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

  81. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany

  82. Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  83. Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  84. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · Valongo Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

  85. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

    INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy

  86. Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

  87. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  88. University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy

  89. Universidade de São Paulo · Instituto de Física de São Carlos

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

  90. University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy

  91. Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina

  92. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

  93. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy

  94. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  95. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México

  96. Universidade Federal do Paraná

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil

  97. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Instituto de Física La Plata · Universidad Nacional de La Plata

    Affiliation as printed

    IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina

  98. FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  99. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany

  100. University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy

    Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy

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