Design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system for data acquisition
Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 16, pp. T07008
Abstract
Abstract The Auger Muon Infill Ground Array (AMIGA) is part of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory. It consists of particle counters buried 2.3 m underground next to the water-Cherenkov stations that form the 23.5 km2 large infilled array. The reduced distance between detectors in this denser area allows the lowering of the energy threshold for primary cosmic ray reconstruction down to about 1017 eV. At the depth of 2.3 m the electromagnetic component of cosmic ray showers is almost entirely absorbed so that the buried scintillators provide an independent and direct measurement of the air showers muon content. This work describes the design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system, which provides centralized control, data acquisition and environment monitoring to its detectors. The presented system was firstly tested in the engineering array phase ended in 2017, and lately selected as the final design to be installed in all new detectors of the production phase. The system was proven to be robust and reliable and has worked in a stable manner since its first deployment.
Authors 100
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Affiliation as printed
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre
Affiliation as printed
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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National Technological University · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional — Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Affiliation as printed
Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
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Lehman College · City University of New York
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
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Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
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Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București
Affiliation as printed
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Affiliation as printed
“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
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Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa · The University of Adelaide
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre
Affiliation as printed
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of Rosario · Institute of Physics Rosario
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Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) — CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
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Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
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Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
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FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
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FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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University of L'Aquila · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
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INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
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Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Affiliation as printed
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
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Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Universität Siegen, Department Physik — Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
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University of Milan · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Affiliation as printed
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
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University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Affiliation as printed
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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National Technological University · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional — Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, U.S.A
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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University of Lisbon · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Instituto Superior Técnico
Affiliation as printed
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa — UL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · Politecnico di Milano
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali , Milano, Italy
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Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
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Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
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University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
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Universidade Federal Fluminense
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
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Case Western Reserve University
Affiliation as printed
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Universidad de Buenos Aires · Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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Universidade Federal Fluminense
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National University of General San Martín · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Affiliation as printed
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Affiliation as printed
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · Valongo Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
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Universidade Federal Fluminense
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
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Universidade de São Paulo · Instituto de Física de São Carlos
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
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Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
Affiliation as printed
CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
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Universidade Federal do Paraná
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Instituto de Física La Plata · Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Affiliation as printed
IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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University of Salento · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
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