A high-throughput, ultrafast, and online three-phase electro-extraction method for analysis of trace level pharmaceuticals
Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1149, pp. 338204
Abstract
Sample preparation is often reported as the main bottleneck of analytical processes. To meet the requirements of both high-throughput and high sensitivity, improved sample-preparation methods capable of fast analyte preconcentration are urgently needed. To this end, a new three-phase electroextraction (EE) method is presented that allows for ultrafast electroextraction hyphenated to flow-injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS). Four model compounds, i.e., propranolol, amitriptyline, bupivacaine, and oxeladin, were used to optimize and evaluate the method. Within only 30 s extraction time, enrichment factors (EF) of 105–569 and extraction recoveries (ER) of 10.2%–55.7% were achieved for these analytes, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.36 to 3.21 ng mL−1, good linear response function (R2 > 0.99), low relative standard deviation (0.6%–17.8%) and acceptable accuracy (73–112%). Finally, the optimized three-phase EE method was successfully applied to human urine and plasma samples. Our three-phase electroextraction method is simple to construct and offers ultrafast, online extraction of trace amounts of analytes from biological samples, and therefore has great potential for high-throughput analysis.
Authors 7
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Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Paul Miggiels Aachen Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Bert Wouters Aachen Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Nicolas Drouin Aachen Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Thomas Hankemeier Aachen Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Petrus W. Lindenburg corresponding Aachen Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Research Group Metabolomics Leiden Centre for Applied Bioscience
Leiden University · University of Applied Sciences Leiden
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Research Group Metabolomics, Leiden Center for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: p.w.lindenburg@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl
Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
Research Group Metabolomics, Leiden Center for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, the Netherlands
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