Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, vol. 22, pp. 87

Abstract

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables assessment and quantification of morphological and functional parameters of the heart, including chamber size and function, diameters of the aorta and pulmonary arteries, flow and myocardial relaxation times. Knowledge of reference ranges ("normal values") for quantitative CMR is crucial to interpretation of results and to distinguish normal from disease. Compared to the previous version of this review published in 2015, we present updated and expanded reference values for morphological and functional CMR parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the peer-reviewed literature and current CMR techniques. Further, databases and references for deep learning methods are included.

Authors 11

1. Nadine Kawel‐Boehm

   University of Bern · University Hospital of Bern · Kantonsspital Graubünden

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Loestrasse 170, 7000, Chur, Switzerland

   Institute for Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, InselspitalBern, Switzerland

2. Scott Hetzel

   University of Wisconsin–Madison

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

3. Bharath Ambale‐Venkatesh

   Johns Hopkins University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

4. Gabriella Captur

   Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust · The Royal Free Hospital · MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing · University College London

   Affiliation as printed

   Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions Clinic, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK

   MRC Unit of Lifelong Health and Ageing At UCL, 5-19 Torrington Place, Fitzrovia, London, WC1E 7HB, UK

5. Christopher J. François

   University of Wisconsin–Madison

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA

6. Michael Jerosch‐Herold

   Brigham and Women's Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

7. Michael Salerno

   University of Virginia Health System · University of Virginia

   Affiliation as printed

   Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA

8. Shawn D. Teague

   National Jewish Health

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO, 80206, USA

9. Emanuela Valsangiacomo-Buechel

   University Children's Hospital Zurich

   Affiliation as printed

   Division of Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland

10. Rob J. van der Geest Aachen Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center

    Leiden University Medical Center

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands

11. David A. Bluemke corresponding

    University of Wisconsin–Madison

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA. dbluemke@wisc.edu

    Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA