Gaia Early Data Release 3

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 649, pp. A6

Abstract

Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue. Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun. Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

Authors 99

1. Richard L. Smart

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

2. Luis Manuel Sarro

   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

   Affiliation as printed

   Departmento de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain

3. J. Rybizki

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

4. C. Reylé

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté · Institut UTINAM · Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers Terre Homme Environnement Temps Astronomie

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France

5. Annie C. Robin

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté · Institut UTINAM · Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers Terre Homme Environnement Temps Astronomie

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France

6. N. C. Hambly

   Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

7. Ummi Abbas

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

8. Martin Adrian Barstow

   University of Leicester

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK

9. J. H. J. de Bruijne

   European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

   Affiliation as printed

   European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

10. B. Bucciarelli

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

11. J. M. Carrasco

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

12. William Cooper

    University of Hertfordshire · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

13. S. T. Hodgkin

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

14. E. Masana

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

15. D. Michalik

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

16. J. Sahlmann

    European Space Agency

    Affiliation as printed

    RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

17. Alessandro Sozzetti

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

18. A. G. A. Brown Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

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    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

19. Antonella Vallenari

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    INAF – Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

20. T. Prusti

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

21. C. Babusiaux

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

22. M. Biermann

    Heidelberg University

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

23. O. L. Creevey

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

24. Dafydd Wyn Evans

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

25. L. Eyer

    University of Geneva

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    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

26. A. Hutton

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

27. F. A. Jansen

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

28. C. Jordi

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

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    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

29. S. A. Klioner

    Technische Universität Dresden

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    Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany

30. Uwe Lammers

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

31. L. Lindegren

    Lund University

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    Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden

32. X. Luri

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

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    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

33. F. Mignard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

34. C. Panem

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

35. D. Pourbaix

    Université Libre de Bruxelles · Fund for Scientific Research

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    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

36. Sofia Randich

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

37. P. Sartoretti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

38. Caroline Soubiran

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

    Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

39. Nicholas A. Walton

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

40. F. Arenou

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

41. C. A. L. Bailer‐Jones

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

42. U. Bastian

    Heidelberg University

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

43. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

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    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

44. R. Drimmel

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

45. David Katz

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

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    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

46. M. G. Lattanzi

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    University of Turin, Department of Physics, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

47. Floor van Leeuwen

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

48. J. Bakker

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

49. J. Castañeda

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

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    DAPCOM for Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

50. F. De Angeli

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

51. Christine Ducourant

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux

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    Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

    Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

52. C. Fabricius

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

53. M. Fouesneau

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

54. Y. Frémat

    Royal Observatory of Belgium

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    Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium

55. R. Guerra

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

56. A. Guerrier

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

57. Julie Guiraud

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

58. A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

59. R. Messineo
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    ALTEC S.p.a, Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino, Italy

60. N. Mowlavï

    University of Geneva

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    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

61. C. Nicolas

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

62. K. Nienartowicz

    University of Geneva

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    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    Sednai Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

63. F. Pailler

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

64. P. Panuzzo

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

65. F. Riclet

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

66. W. Roux

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

67. G. M. Seabroke

    University College London

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    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

68. R. Sordo

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    INAF – Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

69. P. Tanga

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

70. F. Thévenin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

71. G. Gracia-Abril

    Heidelberg University · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    Gaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

72. J. Portell

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

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    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

73. D. Teyssier

    European Space Agency

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    Telespazio Vega UK Ltd for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

74. M. Altmann

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Heidelberg University · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace · Laboratoire Temps Espace

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France

    SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France

75. R. Andrae

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

76. I. Bellas-Velidis

    National Observatory of Athens

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    National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece

77. K. Benson

    University College London

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    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

78. J. Berthier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides

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79. R. Blomme

    Royal Observatory of Belgium

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    Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium

80. E. Brugaletta

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy

81. P. W. Burgess

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

82. G. Busso

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

83. B. Carry

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

84. A. Cellino

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

85. N. Cheek

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Serco Gestión de Negocios for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

86. G. Clementini

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

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    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

87. Y. Damerdji

    University of Liège · Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique

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    CRAAG – Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria

    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    CRAAG – Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l'Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

88. M. Davidson

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

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    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

89. L. Delchambre

    University of Liège

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    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

90. Aldo Dell’Oro

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

91. L. Galluccio

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

92. P. García-Lario

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

93. M. Garcia-Reinaldos

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

94. J. González-Núñez

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Universidade de Vigo

    Affiliation as printed

    ETSE Telecomunicación, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain

    Serco Gestión de Negocios for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

95. E. Gosset

    University of Liège · Fund for Scientific Research

    Affiliation as printed

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

96. R. Haigron

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

97. J. L. Halbwachs

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France

98. Diana L. Harrison

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, USA

99. D. Hatzidimitriou

    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15783 Athens, Greece