Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and pp¯ Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements
Physical Review Letters, vol. 127, pp. 062003
Abstract
We describe an analysis comparing the pp[over ¯] elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
Authors 99
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
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University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
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University of Illinois Chicago
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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
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Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
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Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
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Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
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LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy
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INRNE-BAS, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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European Organization for Nuclear Research
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CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy
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INRNE-BAS, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
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Czech Technical University in Prague
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Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
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European Organization for Nuclear Research · AGH University of Krakow
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AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Blaise Pascal
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LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
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European Organization for Nuclear Research
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CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
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Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
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IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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University of Illinois Chicago
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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · University of Bari Aldo Moro
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Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
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Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
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IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
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Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Lomonosov Moscow State University
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Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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National Research Tomsk State University
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Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
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University of Siena · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Siena · European Organization for Nuclear Research
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CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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University of Siena · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Siena
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Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa
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INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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The University of Texas at Arlington
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University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Lomonosov Moscow State University
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Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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European Organization for Nuclear Research
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CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
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INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
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INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
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IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Delhi University, Delhi-110 007, India
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
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IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Eötvös Loránd University · HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics
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Eötvös University, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Hungary
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem · HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics
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MATE Institute of Technology KRC, 3200 Gyöngyös, Hungary
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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