Relating latent class membership to external variables: An overview

British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, vol. 74, pp. 340–362

Abstract

In this article we provide an overview of existing approaches for relating latent class membership to external variables of interest. We extend on the work of Nylund-Gibson et al. (Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019, 26, 967), who summarize models with distal outcomes by providing an overview of most recommended modeling options for models with covariates and larger models with multiple latent variables as well. We exemplify the modeling approaches using data from the General Social Survey for a model with a distal outcome where underlying model assumptions are violated, and a model with multiple latent variables. We discuss software availability and provide example syntax for the real data examples in Latent GOLD.

Authors 2

1. Zsuzsa Bakk corresponding Aachen Department of Methodology and Statistics Leiden University The Netherlands Department of Methodology and Statistics

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Methodology and Statistics Leiden University The Netherlands

   Department of Methodology and Statistics, Leiden University, The Netherlands

2. Jouni Kuha

   London School of Economics and Political Science

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Statistics London School of Economics and Political Science London UK

   Department of Statistics, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK