Relationships between intrinsic functional connectivity, cognitive control, and reading achievement across development

NeuroImage, vol. 221, pp. 117202

Abstract

There are vast individual differences in reading achievement between students. Besides structural and functional variability in domain-specific brain regions, these differences may partially be explained by the organization of domain-general functional brain networks. In the current study we used resting-state functional MRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC; N = 553; ages 8-22) to examine the relation between performance on a well-validated reading assessment task, the Wide Range Achievement Word Reading Test (WRAT-Reading) and patterns of functional connectivity. We focused specifically on functional connectivity within and between networks associated with cognitive control, and investigated whether the relationship with academic test performance was mediated by cognitive control abilities. We show that individuals with higher scores on the WRAT-Reading, have stronger lateralization in frontoparietal networks, increased functional connectivity between dorsal striatum and the dorsal attention network, and reduced functional connectivity between dorsal and ventral striatum. The relationship between functional connectivity and reading performance was mediated by cognitive control abilities (i.e., performance on a composite measure of executive function and complex cognition), but not by abilities in other domains, demonstrating the specificity of our findings. Finally, there were no significant interactions with age, suggesting that the observed brain-behavior relationships stay relatively stable over the course of development. Our findings provide important insights into the functional significance of inter-individual variability in the network architecture of the developing brain, showing that functional connectivity in domain-general control networks is relevant to academic achievement in the reading domain.

Authors 6

1. Dietsje Jolles corresponding Aachen Institute of Education and Child Studies Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition

   Leiden University · University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: d.d.jolles@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

   Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands

   Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands

2. Eva Mennigen

   University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

3. Mohan W. Gupta

   University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

4. Catherine E. Hegarty

   University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

5. Carrie E. Bearden

   University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

   Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

6. Katherine H. Karlsgodt

   University of California, Los Angeles

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

   Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States