Waste, 7. Thermal Treatment

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, pp. 1–54

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Aim and Framework 2.1 Aim and Classification of Thermal Waste Treatment 2.2 Legal Aspects 3 Fundamentals 3.1 Fuel Composition and Characterization 3.1.1 Moisture Content 3.1.2 Ash Content 3.1.3 Volatile Matter 3.1.4 Calorific Value 3.1.5 Chemical Composition 3.2 Thermochemical Processes 3.2.1 Air/Fuel Ratio 3.2.2 Overview and Classification 3.2.3 Pyrolysis 3.2.4 Gasification 3.2.5 Incineration 3.2.6 Plasma Processes 3.2.7 Liquefaction 3.2.8 Hydrothermal Processes 3.3 Firing Systems 3.3.1 Reactor Principles 3.3.2 Furnace Layout 3.3.3 Grate Firing Systems 3.3.3.1 Forward-Acting Grates 3.3.3.2 Reverse-Acting Grates 3.3.3.3 Counteracting Grates 3.3.3.4 Roller Grates 3.3.3.5 Traveling Grates 3.3.4 Rotary Kiln Furnace 3.3.5 Fluidized-Bed Combustion 4 Thermal Waste Treatment Processes 4.1 Overview 4.2 Monoincineration 4.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Incineration 4.2.1.1 Waste Acceptance, Storage, and Pretreatment 4.2.1.2 Grate Firing and Boiler 4.2.1.3 Flue Gas Cleaning 4.2.1.4 Bottom Ash Discharge 4.2.2 RDF Power Plants 4.2.3 Hazardous-Waste Incineration 4.2.4 Sewage-Sludge Incineration 4.2.5 Waste-Wood Incineration 4.3 Coincineration of Waste 4.3.1 Coal-Fired Power Plants 4.3.2 Cement and Lime Works 4.3.3 Steelworks 4.4 Alternative Thermal Processes 4.4.1 Pyrolysis 4.4.1.1 Pyrolysis as Upstream Process 4.4.1.2 Pyrolysis as Substep of Combustion/Melting Processes 4.4.1.3 Stand-Alone Pyrolysis 4.4.2 Gasification 4.4.2.1 Gasification as Part of Staged Combustion Processes 4.4.2.2 Gasification as Upstream Process 4.4.2.3 Gasification as Substep of Combustion/Melting Processes 4.4.2.4 Stand-Alone Gasification for Syngas Production 4.4.3 Plasma Processes 4.4.4 Liquefaction 4.4.5 Hydrothermal Processes 5 Flue Gas Cleaning 5.1 Overview 5.2 Particles 5.2.1 Fabric Filters 5.2.2 Electrostatic Precipitator 5.3 Acid Gases 5.3.1 Conditioned Dry Sorption with Hydrated Lime 5.3.2 Dry Sorption with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate 5.3.3 Scrubbers 5.4 Heavy Metals 5.4.1 Wet scrubbing 5.4.2 Dry Sorption 5.5 Organic Pollutants 5.6 Nitrogen Oxides 5.6.1 Selective Noncatalytic Reduction 5.6.2 Selective Catalytic Reduction 6 Treatment and Recovery of Residues 6.1 Bottom Ash 6.2 Flue Gas-Cleaning Residues List of Abbreviations References

Authors 1

1. Peter Quicker corresponding Aachen

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany