The ALPINE–ALMA [C II] survey
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 646, pp. A76
Abstract
We present the first [C II] 158 μm luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 5 from a sample of serendipitous lines detected in the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE). A study of the 118 ALPINE pointings revealed several serendipitous lines. Based on their fidelity, we selected 14 lines for the final catalog. According to the redshift of their counterparts, we identified eight out of 14 detections as [C II] lines at z ∼ 5, along with two as CO transitions at lower redshifts. The remaining four lines have an elusive identification in the available catalogs and we considered them as [C II] candidates. We used the eight confirmed [C II] and the four [C II] candidates to build one of the first [C II] LFs at z ∼ 5. We found that 11 out of these 12 sources have a redshift very similar to that of the ALPINE target in the same pointing, suggesting the presence of overdensities around the targets. Therefore, we split the sample in two (a “clustered” and “field” subsample) according to their redshift separation and built two separate LFs. Our estimates suggest that there could be an evolution of the [C II] LF between z ∼ 5 and z ∼ 0. By converting the [C II] luminosity to the star-formation rate, we evaluated the cosmic star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z ∼ 5. The clustered sample results in a SFRD ∼10 times higher than previous measurements from UV–selected galaxies. On the other hand, from the field sample (likely representing the average galaxy population), we derived a SFRD ∼1.6 higher compared to current estimates from UV surveys but compatible within the errors. Because of the large uncertainties, observations of larger samples will be necessary to better constrain the SFRD at z ∼ 5. This study represents one of the first efforts aimed at characterizing the demography of [C II] emitters at z ∼ 5 using a mm selection of galaxies.
Authors 35
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University of Cambridge · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA), Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA), Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA), Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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California Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
The Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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University of California, Davis
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Cornell University · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Université di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Genéve, Université de Genéve, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · The University of Tokyo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astronomia (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Genéve, Université de Genéve, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Genéve, Université de Genéve, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Cosmic Dawn Center, University of Copenhagen, Vibenshuset, Lyngbyvej 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Genéve, Université de Genéve, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Genéve, Université de Genéve, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Université di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9500 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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